A history of the Black Death and its impact in late medieval Europe

The black death was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in europe between 1347 C.E. and 1351 C.E, reducing the population of europe by nearly half, and resulting in widespread socio-economic and other changes. medieval people referred to this catastrophe as the "Great Pestilence", "Great Plague", or "Great Mortality". The term "black death" first appears in 1833, derived from a striking late-stage sign of the disease, in which the sufferer's skin would blacken due to sub epidermal hemorrhages.
medieval europe enjoyed centuries of comparative warmth when the temperatures remained higher than normal. This warm period ended by the close of the thirteenth century, and the drop in temperatures and heavy rainfall that accompanied this change resulted in cold, wet and harsher winters and reduced harvests, manifesting in the Great Famine that struck much of North-West europe in 1315 C.E and lasted for seven years. Even without the famine, the lack of technology to clear new fields for harvest meant that wheat, oats, hay, and consequently livestock were all in continuous short supply. This food scarcity resulted in malnutrition and consequently wakened immunity, making the populace more susceptible to infections. The malnutrition and diseases reduced the productivity of workers, creating even more food shortage and a vicious cycle of depression. Kings such as Edward III of England (1327 C.E. to 1377 CE.) and Philip VI of France (1328 C.E. to 1350 C.E.) finding their revenues decline as a result of this depression raised the fines and rents of their tenants, resulting in an even more deterioration of the standards of living. To compound the miseries, a pestilence of unknown origin, identified as anthrax, targeted the animals of europe, notably sheep and cattle by 1318 C.E., further reducing the food supply and income of the peasantry