Analysis of an Association between Nicotine Dependence and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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biology
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published 19/02/2008
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Summary
The goal of this paper is to evaluate the significance of the co-morbidity of nicotine abuse in adolescents afflicted with ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Due to the nature of the disorder and its possible underlying pathophysiology of dopaminergic dysfunction, the use of nicotine can be implicated as a form of self-medication. I will provide evidence of the co-morbidity and early onset of nicotine dependence and prevalence of smoking habit in adolescents with ADHD. Furthermore, I will discuss prenatal exposure to nicotine and its behavioral consequences, followed by an analysis of the pharmacology of nicotine and proposed circuitry of ADHD. Nicotine use in ADHD adolescents can no longer be attributed to mainstream “peer pressure". There are reinforcing effects provided by nicotine that parallel stimulant medication used to treat the disorder.
Table of Contents
- Introduction.
- Background.
- ADHD and the Smoking Epidemic.
- Prenatal Exposure.
- Neurobiological support.
- Pliszka etal (1996) Multistage Hypothesis of ADHD.
- Self-Medication Hypothesis.
- Conclusion.
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