Anatomy of Monoamie Systems
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psychology
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published 13/11/2007
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Summary
The anatomical organization of monoaminergic systems shares a number of common features. Monoaminergic systems are strikingly divergent: monoaminergic cell bodies are generally found in aggregates located in a few restricted subcortical brain regions. Individual monoaminergic neurons typically possess long and extensively branched axonal processes, innervating a large number of postsynaptic cells. This organization may permit monoaminergic systems to exert control in a coordinated manner over diverse brain regions. The actions of monoamines in particular brain areas are determined not only by the extent of monoamine innervation, but also by the receptor subtypes expressed in these regions. Monoaminergic receptors are diverse with regard to their regional and synaptic localization within the brain, and to the intracellular signaling systems to which they couple. This receptor diversity provides a means through which a single signaling molecule may produce effects that vary in different postsynaptic neurons.
Table of Contents
- Serotonin Although approximately one in a million brain neurons are serotonergic, serotonin systems influence CNS activity at all levels of the neuraxis.
- Dopamine Dopamine neurons are more widely distributed than those of other monoamines, residing in the midbrain substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area
- The midbrain ventral tegmental area lies medial to the substantia nigra and contains dopaminergic neurons that give rise to the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system.
- Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Norepinephrine-producing neurons are found in the pons and medulla, in two major clusterings
- Acetylcholine The axonal processes of cholinergic neurons may either project to distant brain regions (projection neurons) or contact local cells within the same structure (interneurons).
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