Bees, Wasps and Ants
Summary :
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Bees
- The honeybee (Apis mellifera)
- The first escapes from hives
- Fatal attacks around the world
- Wasps
- Social wasps
- Solitary wasps
- Ants
- Harvester ants
- Stinging patterns
- Venom and venom apparatus
- Conclusion
- References
Abstract
By far the most important venomous insects are members of the order Hymenoptera, including bees, wasps, and ants. They vary in size from minute to large (up to 60 mm in body length). The abdomen and thorax are connected by a slender pedicle that may be quite long in certain wasps and ants. bees and most wasps are winged as adults; ants are wingless, except for sexually mature adults during part of the life cycle. Mouthparts are adapted for chewing but in some species are modified for sucking. The life cycle includes egg, larva, and pupa stages before emergence of adults. Immature stages may be protected and provided with food by the adult. Both animal and plant foods are used. Many species are parasitic on other arthropods. All ants and many species of bees and wasps are social insects. Colonies range in size from a few dozen individuals to many thousands. In cold climates, most individuals die in autumn, leaving the fertilized females to winter over and found new colonies in the spring.
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