Consciouness
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psychology
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published 13/11/2007
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SummaryThe vast majority of mental processes are outside of conscious awareness. These processes can impact thinking, feeling, and behavior despite the lack of conscious awareness. Consciousness can be thought to include two elements: awareness and sentience, the quality of the experience. Each form of consciousness has intrigued philosophers and scientists for many years and various theories have been proposed to explain these phenomena. Little is known about the basic mechanisms that underlie the sentient experience of consciousness. Phenomenal awareness has been the focus of active research and has yielded some basic ideas about the role of consciousness in cognition. One essential issue is that the effective processing of mental representations does not require conscious awareness. However, the intentional, strategic alteration in patterns of processing may necessitate the involvement of consciousness in order to achieve a new outcome. Thus, consciousness is not required for most processes, but its involvement allows for a qualitatively different result in representational transformations. One example of this is in memory processing in which explicit memory requires focal, conscious attention or awareness in order to encode events into explicit form. Such representations are later available for conscious retrieval when they can be examined and transformed for intentional purposes, such as the recollection of facts or autobiographical knowledge.
Table of Contents
- Based on a biological assessment of brain function, Gerald Edelman's theory describes two forms of consciousness that derive from the resonant interactions between groups of neurons.
- Misidentification syndromes are other examples of subjective, conscious experience disturbances.
- Many psychiatric disturbances may thus involve alterations in the experience of conscious awareness and sentience.
- Mental models are unconscious, highly organized structural processes that are derived from past experiences, that aid in interpreting present stimuli, and that influence the direction of future behavior.
- Thought, Language, and Cognition There is no universally accepted definition of thought.
- Psycholinguistics is a complex domain that focuses on the cognitive process of language formation and semantic analysis.
- Jerome Bruner has described the distinction between the earlier mode of thought, called narrative cognition, versus the later mode, which is the scientific, logical, paradigmatic mode.
- Discourse and Narrative Discourse is communication from one person to another; it is thought to involve a sense of intention or plan.
- Cognitive Development Developmental theories and research can be divided into several views.
- Psychiatric disturbances may be conceptualized as disturbances in self-organizational processes.
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