Cytokines and chemokines
Summary :
Table of Contents
- Introduction.
- Cytokines.
- Transforming growth factor.
- Interferons.
- Tumor necrosis factor.
- The effects of TNF-? on wound healing.
- Chimeric mouse antihuman IgG1 monoclonal antibodies.
- Interleukins.
- Chemokines.
Abstract
cytokines are soluble low-molecular weight glycoproteins or small polypeptides that act in an autocrine or paracrine manner between leukocytes and other cells. cytokines have many biologic functions and are important for leukocyte growth and differentiation as well as activation and migration. cytokines orchestrate defense, growth, fibrosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and neoplasm control. They are synthesized by immunologic cells such as lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages and by nonimmunologic cells such as keratinocytes and endothelial cells. Proinflammatory cytokines include interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and antiinflammatory cytokines include IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)4,5. The overexpression of inflammatory cytokines or decreased levels of antiinflammatory cytokines can lead to inflammatory cutaneous disorders. The CD4+ T-helper (Th) lymphocyte paradigm has also contributed to our understanding of inflammatory cutaneous disorders. CD4+ Th1 cells evoke cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte-dependent inflammation, while CD4+ Th2 cells evoke strong antibody, or humeral, immune responses, including those of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody class, and inhibit phagocytosis.
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Presentation | 11/21/2008 | en | .doc | 5 pages
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