Developmental control and biotechnology of floral pigmentation
Summary :
Table of Contents
- Introduction.
- The biosynthesis of plant pigments.
- Flavonoid and betalain pigments.
- The requirement for appropriate enzyme complexes to be formed.
- The biosynthesis of flavonoids.
- Formation of flavonoid pathway precursors.
- Formation of chalcones and aurones.
- Formation of flavones and dihydroflavonols.
- Formation of flavonols and leucoanthocyanidins.
- Formation of anthocyanins.
- B-ring hydroxylation.
- Vacuolar import.
- The biosynthesis of carotenoids.
- Formation of IPP.
- Formation of phytoene.
- Formation of carotene pigments.
- Formation of xanthophyll pigments.
- Pigments derived from carotenoid catabolism.
- The biosynthesis of betalains.
- Conclusion.
Abstract
For many angiosperms, pigment formation is a key part of flower development. At least 200 plant genera contain species that show color change during flower development. Thus, variation in flower color associated with a change in nectar and pollen availability may be a common occurrence. The production of pigments in complex patterns that are coincident with fertility and localized to particular cell types within the flower requires the coordinated induction of the genes for the pigment biosynthetic enzymes. In addition to the developmental signals, the pigment biosynthetic genes may respond to environmental factors such as the light quality and quantity.
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