Discovering Barbarian Europe

Type :

Presentation

Pages :

7 pages

Format :

.doc

Published date :

11/28/2008

Category :

History & geography

Sub category :

Geography

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Summary :

Introduction.
1. Stonehenge - the famous circle of large upright stones in southern England.
2. Arrival of the Romans in Britain.
Humans and environments.
Life after the ice age.
Early holocene warming.
The holocene optimum.
Population and environment in 5000 B.C.
Barbarian lands through to medieval times.
Human impact on the enviranment over eleven millennia.
1. The spread of agriculture into northern and Western Europe.
2. The presence of shrubs such as hazel.
3. The practice of feeding leafy branches to domestic stock.
4. The moldboard plow.
Conclusion.

Abstract

Almost everyone has seen a picture of Stonehenge, the famous circle of large upright stones in southern England. Yet very few people know that it was built in several stages over a period of more than a thousand years, starting nearly five thousand years ago. Most are unaware that it is surrounded by dozens of burial mounds and other earthworks that created a vast Bronze Age ritual landscape. Moreover, despite its fame, Stonehenge is only one of many arrangements of upright stones in the British Isles. Archaeologists puzzle over the Bronze Age societies that built these monuments; however, they know that they were not Druids, to whom popular literature often attributes Stonehenge. The burial mounds have yielded traces of gold, copper, bronze, and amber artifacts-the relics of an elite social class that was able to acquire exotic materials from a distance. Very little is known of where they lived, although it appears that their settlements were simple farmsteads similar to others in the surrounding countryside.