Drug Abuse of Heroin and Other Opioids
Summary :
Table of Contents
- Classification
- History
- Epidemiology
- Biomolecular mechanisms of action
- Clinical pharmacology
- Clinical complications
- Recommendations
- Bibliography
Abstract
opioids, including naturally occurring alkaloids (opiates derived from the poppy plant Papaver somniferum), semisynthetic compounds (chemically altered alkaloids), and synthetic agents, are potent analgesics and produce an intense euphoria associated with nausea; drowsiness; miosis; and a decrease in respiration, pulse, and blood pressure.
opioids also are valued for their calming, antitussive, and antidiarrheal properties. Depending on the particular effect on opioid cell membrane receptors, they may be classified as agonists (morphine, heroin, methadone), partial agonists-antagonists (buprenorphine), or antagonists (naloxone, naltrexone). These drugs have led to many medical complications because of their abuse potential and their parenteral route of administration.
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