Articles, Assignments and College Term papers in Economics, Finance and Marketing

The current situation of small scale coffee production in Latin America

Document abstract : «Recently, the global coffee market has fallen into a profound crisis. Prices paid to coffee producers in real dollar terms, have fallen to a hundred year low. Many families have been forced to abandon traditional farming. There is consequently an...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. A population facing an historical crisis. Fair trade and organic production as the main solution to the current situation. Fair trade system is facing problems it has to solve. Conclusion. Sources....»

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The Lead User Method: A solution to improve new product success in rapidly changing markets?

Document abstract : «Innovation, a crucial dilemma to be successful. Innovating is crucial for a company in order to satisfy its customers 'expectations and to cope with the competition in a market place which is everyday more and more challenging. However, coping...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The risk innovation process: Typology of innovations and risks. Typology of innovations. Typology of risks linked to innovation. Inputs provided by traditional new product development research methods. Steps of traditional research...»

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Mergers and Acquisitions: reasons and consequences at the international market

Document abstract : «The paper deals with the issue of mergers and acquisitions on the western market, viewing the topic from the standpoint of their failure and success. The subject is an extremely important one at present, as, on the one side, there is a trend towards...»

Synopsis abstract : «Abstract. Introduction and methodology. Mergers and acquisitions: The overview. Definition of mergers and acquisitions. Classification of mergers and acquisitions. Modes of payment for mergers and acquisitions. Motivations behind mergers and...»

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Companies dividend policy

Document abstract : «Dividend policy is one of the most important financial policies, not only form the viewpoint of the company, but also from that of the shareholders, the consumers, the workers, regulatory bodies and the Government. For a company, it is a pivotal...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Background on dividends and the three basic theories. Background. Different types of dividends. Procedural aspects of paying dividends. Irrelevance of Dividend Policy. Assumptions of irrelevance theory. The proof of the dividend...»

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Fair Value Implications for the Asset Mix of a Pension Fund

Document abstract : «Pension funds serve to collect and manage an amount of capital, sufficient to make all payments to which participants of the fund are entitled based on the pension plan. The Akzo Nobel Pension Fund (APF) is responsible for the provision of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction: A pension fund in relation with akzo nobel . Akzo Nobel. Pension Plans. Akzo Nobel Pension Fund. Changing the valuation of pension plans. The Pensions and Insurance Supervisory Authority. Driving factors for reform in pension...»

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Knowledge, growth without scale effects, and the product life cycle

Document abstract : «For several reasons, knowledge cannot be treated like any other commodity. One of these reasons is the nonrivalrous nature of knowledge, which means that one person's use of certain knowledge does not diminish another person's use of the same...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Growth and scale effects. Knowledge and scale effects in growth. Empirical evidence. Models of growth without scale effects. Knowledge, R and D and spillovers at the firm. Firm size and growth. R and D and pure knowledge...»

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The political influence on organization decision making towards corporate social responsability: a socio economic approach

Document abstract : «This research will look at the political influence on organization decision making towards social responsibility. To do so, a combination of social and economic theories will be used. In chapter three, the political field and the political...»

Synopsis abstract : «Research design. Objects of research. Acknowledgement. The political field around csr. Introduction. The impact of globalization. Different actors: ngos and governments. The working of the field. The dependency of organizations. Introduction. The...»

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The economic results of the 2004 enlargement of the European Union

Document abstract : «Two years ago, the European Union was joined by 10 new members whose 8 were former communist countries (plus Malta and Cyprus). The fifth enlargement has been the most ambitious in the history of the European Union. It was the largest ever in terms...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The challenging fifth enlargement . The most ambitious enlargement in the history of the European Union. The importance of the pre-accession phase. Two years later: An economic success?. A boost for new comer's economies. The positive...»

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Is the Washington consensus dead ?

Document abstract : «"The Washington Consensus has been dead for years," said the World Bank President James D. Wolfensohn at the opening of a conference on 'Scaling up Poverty Reduction' in Shanghai on 25 May, 2004. "It's been replaced by all sorts of other...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The reign of the Washington Consensus. What are origins of the Washington Consensus?. What constitutes the policies of the Washington Consensus?. The manifestations of the post neo liberal era. The failures of the Washington...»

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Women representation in politics: A comparative approach between France and the Nordic countries

Document abstract : «Nowadays women are increasingly accessing to high political positions in State office. Indeed, three women recently reached the status of Head of State in different countries: Michelle Bachelet in Chile, Ellen Johnson-Sirlead in Liberia, and Tarja...»

Synopsis abstract : «Historical and empirical data illustrating the gap in women mobilisation. Rokkan's model on mobilisation of women in parliamentary politics. The main and illustrative data of women political representation in France and in the Nordic countries . The...»

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Microfinance: the Challenge of Accessing Global Capital Markets

Document abstract : «The main theme of this project is the facilitation and development of microfinance, which is the "provision of loans, savings, insurance, payments, and other basic financial services to low-income populations" . The project is dedicated to...»

Synopsis abstract : «Executive summary. Introduction. Accessing the global capital markets. Financing environment. Bond market. Securitization. Equity and quasi equity. Overcoming the limitations of the current financing model. Addressing investor's main...»

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Initial Public Offerings: an Outlook through Game Theory

Document abstract : «Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) have a very special place in contemporary economics and finance. They represent the entrance on a deep and liquid market with access to almost unlimited reserves of capital from all over the world. But IPOs appear...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. IPOs and challenges to market efficiency . IPOs and the issue of information. Distortion mechanisms and waste of value through underpricing. The key role of investment banks. The Auction Model for setting the price: A viable...»

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Why is China so competitive? Measuring and explaining China's competitiveness

Document abstract : «In the first part of our paper we will present the theoretical background of the international trade. We will begin with the description of the evolution of the comparative advantage theories, and then continue with the competitive advantage theory....»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Advantage theories. The beginnings of advantage theories. Ricardo's theory of competitive advantage. The heckscher-ohlin (h-o) theory of factor proportions. The h-o theory and the dornbusch, fisher, samuelson approach in the real...»

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Estimating market risk premium using Markov switching : Tunisian Case

Document abstract : «The general increase in volatility of the nancial markets can be partly explained by the growing uncertainly of the economic environment. It is, on the other hand, a reflection of the growing efficiency and integration of the financial markets...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Financial market. De…nition. Financial assets. The financial risk. The financial risk feature. Type of financial risk . Risk and volatility. The risk measurement. The risk premium. The market risk premium. Methods proposed for...»

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Development economics - Sharecropping

Document abstract : «In sharecropping contracts with cost sharing, why is the cost share borne by the tenant equal to the output share accruing to him? Sharecropping is an arrangement or system of farming, prevalent in many Less Developed Countries in which a tenant...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction . Sharecropping with cost sharing . The question of contracts linked with unobservable actions and unobservable characteristics. The adverse risk as a dilemma for sharecropping. Transaction costs and other inputs excluded in labour. The...»

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Why Globalization Works by Martin Wolf

Document abstract : «Martin Wolf, a British economist and prominent journalist at the Financial Times, is an ardent defender of globalization, i.e. of global economic integration through free trade. His book aims to demonstrate that globalization makes the world better...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. History of globalization. The lack of economic integration in the United States. The decline of employment in manufacturing . Conclusion....»

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How to use rumours as a marketing tool?

Document abstract : «Today, advertising a new product is totally different than it was 10 years ago. For years, consumers have been flooded by TV, radio, newspaper ads, posters and fliers and more recently, internet spam, pop ups, banners, etc. The frequency of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Rumours as a new marketing tool. Using a rumor as a marketing tool?. Transmission and belief of positive rumours. Internet: a fantastic media to convey rumours. New types of marketing campaigns. A content analysis of positive rumours...»

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To what extent is Richard Branson, the English Tycoon, a very influential person in the British political life?

Document abstract : «Richard Branson is Britain's best-known entrepreneur. This self-made man started his first company at the age of 17 and succeeded in building an empire. Worth £3 billion and believed to be the ninth-richest man in the UK, the 56-year-old founder of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. How Richard Branson built his own empire and his image. Branson's success and failure vs. British institutions. How Richard Branson succeeded in the airline industry. The difficult relations between Richard Branson and the British...»

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Globalization in Russia: The challenge of the transition to the world economy

Document abstract : «Fifteen years ago, the Soviet Union was a socialist authoritative country, tightly isolated from capitalist countries. Nowadays, its direct heir, Russia, is one of the most quickly growing markets of the world, strongly open on the global...»

Synopsis abstract : «From transition to crisis: the difficult adaptation to the global economy. The evolution of Russian economy in the 1990s. The 1998 financial crisis and the ambiguous role of the IMF: how globalisation failed in Russia. Globalisation's costs. The...»

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Why is technology so difficult to implement and manage?

Document abstract : «No one can deny the impact of technology as a source of competitive advantage for a firm. The introduction of a new technology or the development and the commercialization of a new product/ service are due to increase business benefits: it allows...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The implementation of a technology is uncertain and complex. The implementation is an expensive and uncertain process. The introduction and the management of a technology . The keys to introducing and managing a technology...»

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Discuss the main factors that determine product prices in the UK

Document abstract : «Predicting firms' behaviour and reactions to events is central for recent microeconomics. Economists have indeed put forward many theories to analyse firms' behaviour, main decisions of economic interest relate to outputs, investment, technology and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Two main types of firms' objectives . Problems with theoretical explanations. The idea that prices are closely related to costs . Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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The effects of stock options on markets

Document abstract : «Traditionally, stock option plans have been used as a way for companies to reward top management and "key" employees and link their interests with those of the company and other shareholders. More and more companies, however, now consider all of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction: Do you know this man?. What is a stock option? . Stock options characteristics. Stock options and employee ownership. Incidence and effects of stock options. European stock markets. Stock options influence on behaviour: Myth or...»

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The results of the "Lisbon agenda" - the attempt to make Europe the world's most successful knowledge-based economy - are generally thought to have been disappointing. What steps should be taken by the European Union, and by national governments

Document abstract : «In March 2000, the Lisbon Strategy was launched to overcome a series of weaknesses in the European economy: long-term structural unemployment, a poor employment rate, and under-development of the service sector. In an often-quoted sentence, it has...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Ambitious goals set. Structural changes. The Lisbon strategy of 2000: The ambitious goal. Research and education. Environment. Conclusion. References....»

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Discuss the shift away from the conglomerate form in the advanced industrial countries, and its persistence in most emerging markets performance?

Document abstract : «Western business strategies are often held as models for emerging countries. Despite General Electric being the largest worldwide conglomerate, such success stories have become rather rare nowadays in the United States and Europe, although this is...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. What is a conglomerate?. From diversified to focus firms in industrial countries. Persistence in most emerging markets. Conclusion. References....»

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The (Mis)Behavior of Markets: A Summary

Document abstract : «Do markets really follow a random walk as modern financial theory suggests? Are we likely to experience a market crash as deadly as the likes of the Great Depression? What is the nature of volatility and how should it impact the way we model...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction: Do markets really follow a random walk?. Widespread misconceptions about markets, investors, and their behavior. 'Shaky' assumptions relating to market behavior. The first rule: Markets are risky. The scaling effect iin every level of...»

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Retail Industry Analysis

Document abstract : «The retail industry is flooded with products and services, all vying for market share and revenue. In order to succeed, the different firms must carefully understand and analyze the market they are in. They must ask questions about their rivals...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. About FranklinCovey. Being different than most other competing products . The pricing strategies and non-pricing approaches. Conclusion. Works cited....»

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Optimisation in Network Structured Asset Management

Document abstract : «This report considers the role of optimisation in the asset management of a large distribution network. In particular, we look at how to determine the optimal policy for project release. Projects relating to replacement of existing assets and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Chapter 1: Introduction. Background. Optimisation in network asset management. Aim of research. Approach. What we need. Chapter 2: Asset management within the UK electricity industry. Overview of UK electricity system. Historical evolution of...»

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Mortgages For First-Time Home Buyers: The Basics

Document abstract : «Choosing a new home can be an overwhelming task, but even more daunting is choosing a mortgage lender to help you finance your new home. In your search for a home loan, it is important to know the different types of lenders as well as the different...»

Synopsis abstract : «Mortgage lenders. What is a mortgage lender?. Are there different types of mortgage lenders?. How do I choose a mortgage lender? . Mortgage financing. Interest rates. Term. Down payment. Points. Budgeting and planning. Online...»

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Business Model of comScore Inc.

Document abstract : « Providing information to clients that will help them to make more intelligent business decisions Offering consumer behavioral information that can be strategically used to improve business effectiveness Offering detailed and intimate...»

Synopsis abstract : «Business model of comScore Inc.. Market potential for comScore's products. Barriers to entry. Management. Principal and selling shareholders. IPO's and comparable stocks. How to price comScore. Key financial metrics....»

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Different Types of Trading Platforms

Document abstract : «There are several different types of financial exchanges in which the trading of securities takes place. On one end of the spectrum, there is the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations system, known as the NASDAQ, which is...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Electronic Communication Networks as trading platforms . Benefits of ECN. Disadvantages of ECN. The NASDAQ. Disadvantages of the trading on the NASDAQ . Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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