Epidemiology of Cardiovacular Disease
Summary :
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Importance of cardiovascular disease
- Disease impact
- Secular trends
- Economic impact
- Risk Factors for cardiovascular disease
- Unmodifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors
- Dyslipidemia
- Hypertension
- Physical inactivity
- Obesity
- Thrombotic and fibrinolytic factors
- Synergy of risk factors
- Subclinical cardiovascular disease
- Conclusions
- Bibliography
Abstract
The three major clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) are coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Atherosclerosis also can be found in other arterial beds, especially the renal arteries, where it causes about two thirds of cases of renal artery stenosis.
More than 60 million Americans are estimated to have some form of CVD: 50 million have hypertension, 12.4 million have CHD, and 4.5 million have had a stroke. More than one in five Americans currently have some form of CVD.
CVD accounts for about 950,000 deaths annually in the United States and constitutes more than 40% of all deaths. About 35% of CVD deaths occur prematurely (i.e., in persons <75 years old).
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