Term papers, Essays and Case Studies in European union

The European union and the third world: The case of the EU-ASEAN relations

Document abstract : «The European Union is a growing and developing organization which is becoming more and more important. That's why its relations with other countries in a more and more globalized world are also moving. The EU relations with the developing world are...»

Synopsis abstract : «The European Union and the third world: The case of the EU-ASEAN relations.. Acting together.. Broadcasting values.. Improving globalized organisation.. EU-third world countries relationship based on political and economic support.. The growing...»

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Regional Economic Integration and the European Union

Document abstract : «Regional Economic Integration is the act of cooperating countries entering into agreements with each other to remove all barriers to importing goods into their respective countries. One of the biggest walls to exporting to foreign markets has been...»

Synopsis abstract : «Regional Economic Integration.. The European Union.. Obstacles to Integration.....»

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Can any theory fully explain the process of European integration? If not, why not?

Document abstract : «European integration is a process which began with the birth of the European Coal and Steel Community the 18th of April 1952. This process was at first essentially economical, but the necessary structures needed for an economic integration led also...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The two leading approaches of European Integration: Neo-Functionalism and Inter-Governmentalism.. The Neo-Functionalist theory.. The Inter-Governmentalist theory.. Ability of the new theories to explain the process of European...»

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The democratic deficit and the role of the EU Parliament

Document abstract : «Since the beginning of the 90's and the end of the "permissive consensus", the democratic deficit of the European Union has increasingly become high on the agenda of scholars and decision-makers. Defined as "the growing dissonance between the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The structural weakness of the EU Parliament.. The uncertainty of the EU public support as a correlative consequence of EP weakness.. The configuration of power in terms of media visibility and opinion...»

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The European Union (EU) and Mercosur

Document abstract : «"The objectives of this Agreement shall be to strengthen the existing relations between the Parties and to prepare conditions enabling an interregional association to be created. To these ends, the Agreement covers trade and economic matters,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Shared values and common interests . Multilateralism and a common attitude . Inter-regionalism . The economic aspect . Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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Karen E. Smith "European Union Foreign Policy in a Changing World"

Document abstract : «European Union Foreign Policy in a Changing World provides a clear introduction to the complexities of the contemporary European Union foreign policy, and offers a comprehensive and a distinctive perspective on the nature of the European Union's...»

Synopsis abstract : «General overview. The promotion of human rights and the promotion of democracy and good governance . Political conditionality . Diplomatic instruments . Conclusion and criticism....»

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Should we stick to the Stability and Growth Pact?

Document abstract : «The Stability and Growth Pact is an essential element of the European Monetary Union and has been often criticized. One of the sharpest and most violent attacks came from the President of the European Commission, which is supposed to be the watchdog...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. European rule and its acceptance. The political application: Convergence criteria and the stability pact. A flexibility satisfying the opponents of the pact. Conclusion. Bibliography. Appendixes. Mundell-Fleming model with floating...»

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The completion of the WTO free trade agenda will produce both winners and losers in the EU: To what extend do you agree?

Document abstract : «The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body whose purpose is to promote free trade by persuading countries to abolish import tariffs and other barriers. As such, it has become closely associated with globalization. The WTO is the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The free trade in the context of a new agreement . The winners. Consumers. The European enterprises. Eastern Europe. The losers in EU. Regions affected. Unemployment. Dumping....»

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How does the European Commission foster the integration of the energy market?

Document abstract : «The European Union (UE) proves to be an efficient exporting actor for the goods and services market. However, its capital account remains negative in the energy market. UE's growing dependency on gas and electricity suppliers is becoming an economic...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The Commission's policies: Towards an integrated energy market. Dealing with the current concentration of the energy market. Conclusion. Bibliography ....»

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The European Union (EU) and Mercosur

Document abstract : «"The objectives of this Agreement shall be to strengthen existing relations between the Parties and to prepare the conditions enabling an inter-regional association to be created. To those ends, the Agreement covers trade and economic matters,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. EU/Mercosur relations . Mercosur and EU differences. The common ambition between Mercosur and EU. The increase in EU exports. The EU support for Mercosur . Comparision to the US method. Conclusion. Bibl...»

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Can the European Parliament ever break out of the cycle of failing public interests and legitimacy?

Document abstract : «In one of his speeches, Pat Cox, the President of the European Parliament said 'Turnout across Europe [in 1999] was higher than in the last US Presidential Elections, and I do not hear people questioning the legitimacy of the presidency of the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Analyzing what can be done to increase and strengthen the legitimacy of the European Parliament. The European Community's aim. The European Parliament's duties . The Brussels Treaty of the 22nd of January 1975. National parliaments:...»

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A critical examination of the European Union's commitment and approach to promoting democracy and Human Rights in accession candidate countries and elsewhere in the world

Document abstract : «The current image of European Union's democracy promotion is marred by the discrepancies of member states' attitude vis-à-vis the Chinese violation of the Human Rights. In contrast to most European countries, Great Britain and Germany have already...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The European Union's assistance: The most widespread and major aid in the world. Implemented far-reaching and spreading democratic support. Equal partnership with developing countries and candidate countries. The evolution of the...»

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The future of the state in a global context: Is the European Union a super state?

Document abstract : «The organization of the world has been changing for the past few decades. Besides the nation sates, a lot of different forms of organization have been coming up. The development of international relations has brought about the need for organizations...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. What is a State?. The origins of the State . The modern definition of a state. The European Union: A state?. The definition of modern state applied to the European Union. A new conception of the state. The European Union: A super...»

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Two years after: What has the eastern enlargement brought to the European Union?

Document abstract : «"The future of Europe never appeared so dubious. Neither did some of its possible futures appear so promising" affirms Jean-Paul Fitoussi in his book devoted to the problems of the conflict between the national interests and the requirements of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The EU-enlargement has brought a modernization of the EU. A new political organization of the European Union. A deep questioning of the common budget . New politics for regions and new dynamics of development . But this enlargement...»

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The Commission white paper on a European communication policy, an analysis of the conceptual and political issues at stake

Document abstract : «While it symbolized the failure of national politicians, the rejection of the Constitutional Treaty by the French and Dutch citizens in the referendum of Spring 2005 left the European establishment under the shock: it was evident that both the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction: The response after the schock. An exercice of self-criticism. Learning the lessons from the past. Addressing policy weak points and 'closing the gap'. From a White Paper to another: From delivering to identity-building. 'Delivery by...»

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European cultural identities: The agents of European consciousness and how successful have they been in engendering such consciousness

Document abstract : «'Being in Europe' and 'Being a European' are two different things. It is fair to say that over the years a common space has been created in the economic, legal, and to a certain extent in political spheres. However, when we come to other realities...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The deficit of internalization and the role of the agents. A multiplicity of actors. An imperfect elite-driven process . The illustration of the relative weakness of European consciousness. The result of Euro barometer 60. A case of...»

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The limits of the European neighborhood policy

Document abstract : «After the last European enlargement on 1st May 2004, the European Union got new neighbors, mainly in the East but a few also in the Middle East. But the neighbors do not all have the same juridical status. For some of them inclusion is already on...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The ambitious objectives. The stabilizing role by ENP. The main innovation in the ENP . Unequal and unfair partnership with neighbors. Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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The European employment strategy

Document abstract : «The European Union is the most accomplished multinational organization in the world. Since it's beginning in 1950, with the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Union has been integrating more and more, becoming a unique. The European...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Genesis and general presentation of the European employment strategy. The need for a European employment strategy. Evolution of unemployment rate in the EU-15. The 1993 white paper and the Essen's Strategy. The Lisbon Strategy and the...»

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How has European competition policy empowered the commission?

Document abstract : «This question could appear really simple, and the first answer that comes is "yes of course": with the introduction of European Competition Policy, the EU Commission has an extended power, and can now decide if a company respects competition laws in...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Presentation of European Competition Policy's actors and aims. European competition policy. The Commission. Examples of conflicts on competition in the EU and the position of the Commission. The case of Microsoft. Hachette: An example...»

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The European neighborhood policy

Document abstract : «In this essay I will deal with the European Neighborhood Policy, through a general overview of what this policy consists in. The most useful source that was used to elaborate on this subject is the website of the European Commission, which is one of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Definition of the European Neighborhood Policy. The countries part of the European Neighborhood Policy. The instruments of the European Neighborhood Policy. Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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The democratic deficit of the EU and the European political integration from a French perspective

Document abstract : «The European construction has always evolved through crisis and this is probably due to its ambitious project and nature. However, it worked successfully until today because it has been occurring through a "step by step process", to quote the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. EU at a turning point: New challenges and reflections about its future. The decline of neo-functionalism: A 'global turbulence'. The importance of current EU-linked issues implying stronger democratic requirements. Flexibility: A...»

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Democratizing Europe: On the quest for a common public space

Document abstract : «We all remember the rebuff of the constitution from France and the Nederland in spring 2005 and the further comments on the event. Many bet on an end of Europe. This refusal called into question Europe that was upset that stopped for a while. Of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Europe in a lame condition: A lake of identity a democracy.. Neither knowledge nor identity.. No democracy.. Solutions for a democratisation of Europe: How to create a common public space.. Dream of a post-national democracy: Habermas...»

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The European citizenship: A transnational challenge

Document abstract : «A citizen is "by definition a citizen among citizens of a country among countries. His rights and duties must be defined and limited, not only by those of his fellow citizens, but also by the boundaries of a territory []". Hannah Arendt asserted...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The much debated concept of citizenship traditionally bound to the nation-state.. The political and civil approach.. The social or 'affective' approach.. The European citizenship: A transnational challenge to the nation-centered...»

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A Nordic identity in the European security structure?

Document abstract : «The 3rd and 4th December 1998, the President of French Republic Jacques Chirac and the British Prime Minister Tony Blair met in Saint Malo. Both maintained the necessity to give Europe the ability of autonomous action concerning security and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The security context of nordic countries.. Historical overview: From neutrality to non-alignment.. Consequences of the end of the cold war for Nordic security context.. Geopolitical context: Russia and the United States.. Nordic...»

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The two equality directives of 2000: False-twins

Document abstract : «2007, the "European Year of Equal Opportunities for All" in the European Union ended a few months ago, stressing on the question of the current anti-discrimination law in the Union. This initiative of the Commission took place in a general movement...»

Synopsis abstract : «The two equality directives of 2000: False-twins.. Two directives filling the gaps in the EC equality law.. The sources of EC equality law: Gender and national equality.. A 'weak' Community law on racism before the adoption of the racial equality...»

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What are the most significant long-term external trends that will affect the role of the EU in 2020 to 2050?

Document abstract : «By 2025, Europe will represent only 6% of the world population, and its relative share of global wealth and trade will have shrunk. Contentious economic and welfare reforms as well as the integration of a growing migrant population will be among the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The shape of the world to come in a few decades.. General trends and internal challenges.. Changes in the international system.. A turbulent neighbourhood.. The consequences for the EU: An important player in the future international...»

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The EU Lisbon agenda

Document abstract : «To make the European Union "the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-driven economy, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion ": that was the guideline, the "new strategic goal" of the principles...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The European context in 2000: Why establish new goals for Europe?. A political will to launch a European social model.. 2000, at the height of the dot.com boom: An encouraging context for Europe to take off again.. The ambitious...»

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Integration of new countries in the European Union

Document abstract : «The story of Europe is still being written. The entrance of new countries, ten in 2004, two others in 2007, and the current question of opening Europe to Turkey, shows that the European Union is continuously evolving. From 1947 to 1989, the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The process of enlargement.. The end of barriers.. Not only financial purposes.. Important figures.. The French point of view.. Conclusion.. References.....»

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The strategy behind energy-related aspects of European neighborhood policy

Document abstract : «The paper notes that the EU will increasingly rely on energy supplies from neighboring countries. Needless to say that among the principles and motives of the ENP, energy has a major role since it is obvious neighboring countries have resources (oil...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. An external policy to serve Europe's energy interests.. Functionning markets.. Diversification.. Integration of energy markets and infrastructure projects.. Security through networks and focus on markets and...»

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A critical analysis of the EU legal framework dealing with illegal immigration

Document abstract : «Arousing the passions and the divisions, the migration is apprehended by some Europeans as a danger for the national identity and is approved by the others as a source of cultural diversity. Many forms of illegal immigration are observed. The...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The different means perfected by the communities to develop its common policy in this domain.. The decisions which strictly depend on the member state.. The evolutions and the objectives of EU legal framework dealing with illegal...»

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The European Union and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Document abstract : «With the recent election of Mahmud Abbas as chairman of the Palestinian Authority and Ariel Sharon's plan to withdraw Israeli troops and settlers from the Gaza strip, the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians appears to be at a crossroads,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The European Union's support of Mahmud Abbas' candidacy.. The EU and the peace process during the CFSP years.. The European Union.. Commitment to a two-state solution.. The second pillar of the EU commitment.. The use of financial...»

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The completion of the WTO free trade agenda will produce both winners and losers in the EU - To what extend do you agree?

Document abstract : «The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body, the purpose of which is to promote free trade by persuading countries to abolish import tariffs and other barriers. It has little by little become closely associated with globalisation....»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction to the WTO and its free trade agenda.. The European textile sector.. The consequences of the free trade agenda on the European textile sector.. The positive aspects for the EU.. The negative aspects for the...»

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Tallberg, J. (2003) 'The agenda-shaping powers of the EU Council Presidency'

Document abstract : «The Presidency of the European Union Council is an attribution that is not often analysed in the literature on EU decision-making. To put it briefly, the member state holding the Presidency of the Council for six months is in fact chairing the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The academic context.. The Presidency as a way to lead the European activity.. Why would member states accept such a steering power?. Comments on Tallberg's article: A conditional 'power of the chair'...»

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A history of the UE: Robert Schuman

Document abstract : «On May 9th, 1950, Robert Schuman, a French statesman and visionary European, gave a speech soon to be known as "the Schuman Declaration". This event determined Europe's future and is considered as the birth of actual functional European integration;...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Robert Schuman's personal background: His involvement in the European integration process.. Robert Schuman's youth.. First political involvements: Robert Schuman takes up the European cause.. Robert Schuman, one of Europe's Founding...»

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EU decision-making

Document abstract : «France is administratively divided in "communes", the smallest territorial division of the country, usually corresponding to a city or a village. The number of communes in France, including overseas territories, is 36 782. This high number leads to...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The notion of power and voting power.. The Shapley-Shubik power index.. Decisions at the Council of the CAB.. The advantages of Shapley-Shubik power distribution.. Conclusion.. References.....»

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The European union's development policy toward Africa

Document abstract : «On December 8th and 9th 2007 the summit of African and European leaders has hold in Lisbon. It is the second ever Summit between heads of states and governments from EU and Africa after the Cairo Summit in 2000. The 52 countries of the African...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. African development as one of the first European policies, since the Rome Treaty.. The reasons of Euro-African co-operations and development aids.. The main affairs concerned by this cooperation, the priorities, and means of...»

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The Lisbon treaty

Document abstract : «The 27 European leaders reached a deal on the new "Reform Treaty" during a two-day summit at Lisbon on October 18th and 19th 2007, ending more than two years of political crisis after the French and Dutch referenda. This agreement comes after a long...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The new draft Treaty.. Plans for deeper European foreign policy cooperation and a more permanent President. . The Qualified Majority Voting in the Council.. The 'double majority rule'.. Poland: Agreement about the so-called 'Ionnina...»

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Polonsky M. J., Brito P. Q., Pinto J. and Higgs-Kleyn N. (2001). Consumer Ethics in the European Union: A comparison of northern and southern views

Document abstract : «Our article for seminar three is called Consumer Ethics in the European Union: a Comparison of Northern and Southern Views. It discusses the issue of a single European market and the cultural problems that occur in this growing "integrated" market....»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Integrated regulations and standards.. Overall economic development and growth differences between the North and South of the EU.. Conclusion.. References.....»

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European integration theories

Document abstract : «There is an increasingly accepted agreement that the EU and the process of European integration are just too complex to be captured by a single theoretical approach. Hix holds to this point: "We do not have a general theory of American or German...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The unique phenomenon of European integration.. The realistic theory.. The liberal intergovernmentalism approach.. The constructivists.. The developing of the neo-institutionalist theory.. Conclusion.....»

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Nationalism and Regionalism in the era of the making of a common European identity

Document abstract : «The year 2000 will be and have already been pivotal for the European Union. Ten new countries became full members of the Union and Turkey is on his way to the membership. But the 2005 failure to make all the countries sign the project of European...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. A common European identity?. The making of identity.. Can we speak of a common European identity?. Obstacles to the making of this common identity.. Nationalism.. Ethnic and religious tensions.. Alternatives to the European...»

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Gender equality and employment in the European Union

Document abstract : «Gender equality is among the fundamental principles and the common values of the European Union. In the 2nd Article of the Treaty of the European Community, it is even mentioned as a "task" to perform for the Community, and again in Article 3(2)...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Women in labour market.. Balancing work and family life.. Why is there a need for reconciliation?. The different factors and determinants.. Gender pay gap and decision-making position.. The persistent gender pay gap.. Decision-making...»

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The European citizenship

Document abstract : «According to the European Commission, "citizenship of the Union is both a source of legitimation of the process of European integration, by reinforcing the participation of citizens, and a fundamental factor in the creation among citizens of a sense...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The rudimentary foundations of the European citizenship echo the particularities of the European integration.. The notion of the European citizenship in the treaties reflects the complexities of the European integration.. The symbolic...»

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Governance in the European Union: Policies

Document abstract : «The Common Fisheries Policy is one of the oldest policies entirely delegated to the European Community since it is part of the Common agricultural policy. Indeed, in the Treaty of Rome, agricultural products are defined as "the products of the soil,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. General features of the common fisheries policy.. The 1983 council regulation.. Objectives of the policy.. The 1992 planned reform.. The creation of Regional Advisory Councils.. Three characteristic principles.. Liberal...»

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The Democratic Deficit in the EU

Document abstract : «For years, the European construction appeared to be legitimate through a 'permissive consensus' since no significant opposition to the integration process was to be noticed. Nevertheless, a major debate underlined a 'democratic deficit' in the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Analysis of the classical theories.. The (neo)neofunctional approach.. The federalist perspective.. An intergovernmentalist perspective.. Necessity of a new type of democracy at the supranational level.. The new governance analysis: A...»

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European Court of Justice - motor for European integration?

Document abstract : «In 1996, British Prime Minister John Major has bitterly noted that European Court of Justice (ECJ) should "have its wings clipped", as already back in 1996 some member states, eager to protect their sovereignty, feared the growing influence of the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. ECJ provides an effective framework for motoring European legal integration.. ECJ jurisprudence has strengthened and clarified EU law.. ECJ has provided a dynamic framework for effective and simplified integration drive.. ECJ is an...»

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How successful are the attempts to create a citizenship of the European Union?

Document abstract : «Although the formal concept of European citizenship appeared for the first time in the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992, the idea thereof goes back to the early years of the European construction. The Treaty founding the European Coal and Steel...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Great achievements made, leading to the formal creation of a European citizenship.. The Treaty of Maastricht and the later additions.. Attempts going beyond the basic granting of rights by pushing for the emergence of a European...»

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The future of multilingualism in European institutions

Document abstract : «The progressive enlargement of the European Union brings about many questions, among which linguistic diversity deserves to be explored. In light of the changes brought about by globalization and the resulting emergence of a so-called "global"...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. International linguistic tendencies.. International communication.. Global institutions.. Commercial negotiations.. Languages and European integration.. Language demographics.. Free trade vs cultural identity.. The impact of...»

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Europeanization of politics and society: Domestic change and the question of a European Social Model

Document abstract : «Europeanization is an elusive concept because of the variety of meanings it refers to. Scholars such as Featherstone (2003, 6-12) often distinguish several usages according to various outcomes of European change, for instance the emergence of new...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The problem of defining Europeanization.. The mechanisms of Europeanization and the 'goodness of fit'.. A dynamic and competing 'two ways process'.. The divergences of Europeanization.. Concl...»

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To what extent has Europe benefited from a "peace dividend" through the European Union and its budget?

Document abstract : «The notion of "peace dividend" was forged in the 1980s to convey an idea that had already been analysed before: the link between security/peace, and economic growth. Without going into further details, one may wonder if this economic theory can be...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Analyzing the concept of 'peace dividend'.. The European construction.. The existence of a peace dividend stricto sensu, in the aftermath of World War II.. The EEC budget.. A significant part of structural...»

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What does the European Union's so-called 'democratic deficit' stem from, and how could it be tackled?

Document abstract : «One of the most important discussions in the modern-day European Union concerns the democratic deficit. The Maastricht treaty, which was signed on February 1992 by different European states, claims that the goal the EU is to create 'an ever closer...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. What does 'democratic deficit' mean and how has the problem risen?. The meaning of 'democratic deficit'.. The factors causing the democratic deficit in the European Union.. Low voter turnout.. The high level of euroscepticism.. A...»

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Politics of the European Union

Document abstract : «Since its foundation in the late 1950's, the European Union has seen its membership growing from 6 to 27 countries in 2007, with the accession of Bulgaria and Romania. The process might not stop at this point, as other countries such as West...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The History of the Enlargement process so far.. The first four enlargements: 1956-1995.. The Enlargements of 2004 and 2007 and the accession criteria.. The outcomes of last enlargements for new members, previous members and European...»

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Has European integration contributed to save or to undermine the nation state?

Document abstract : «In 1882 Ernest Renan declared: "a Nation is a soul, a spiritual principle. Two things, which, in truth, are really one, constitute this soul, this spiritual principle. One is in the past, the other in the present. One is the possession in common of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Diminished number of decisions which are taken in the capitals of member states.. The Maastricht treaty of 1993.. Permissive principle for EU's action.. EU: Still more intergovernmental than supranational.. European integration:...»

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Have we reached the limits of the EU enlargement?

Document abstract : «In the light of the massive 2004 European Union (EU) enlargement and the current one of Bulgaria and Romania, the question of whether the EU is reaching the limits of its enlargement shows all its relevance. In fact, since the moment the European...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The previous enlargements and the end of the Cold War.. France and Germany's position in the EC.. The EFTA enlargement.. The German reunification and the collapse of the Soviet Union.. The 2004 enlargement and enlarging...»

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The European Union's Policy in African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries: Towards an Effective Democratisation?

Document abstract : «"Since 1992, the European Community has included in all its agreements with third countries a clause defining respect for human rights and democracy as 'essential elements' in the EU's relationship. This clause is unique in bilateral agreements....»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The EU and its ACP countries' policy: A long path towards democratisation.. A historical perspective: Towards the Yaounde Conventions.. From a trade relationship ( Lome I and II) to more democratisation (Lome III and IV).. Political...»

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The Committee of the Regions

Document abstract : «The construction of the European Union is, and has always been done by states. Since the Maastricht treaty however, sub national authorities have an official advisory body from which they can influence the making of the European policy: the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Representation of the Committee.. Political systems.. Critic against the Committee.. EU and the Committee of the regions.. European Commission and the Committee of the regions.. Committee of the regions actions and their...»

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The European Commission

Document abstract : «If Jacques Delors, one of the most famous President of the European Commission (between 1985 and 1995), called the European Union as a UPO or Unidentified Political Object, it can be explained by the special characteristics of its architecture. The...»

Synopsis abstract : «The history of the Commission.. The model created by Monnet and Schuman.. The Treaties of Rome (1957).. The Commission of the European Communities.. The Commission: Guardian of the interests of the community.. The guardian of the treaties and...»

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Regulations: Direct applicability and Direct effect

Document abstract : «Article 249 of the European Community Treaty provides that Regulations shall be directly applicable in all Member States. Does this mean that they are also necessarily directly effective? As notices Josephine Steiner , this question is of paramount...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The concept of regulation as stated in article 249 of the EC Treaty.. Article 249 of the European Community Treaty.. The characteristics of a regulation according to article 249.. The concept of direct applicability.. Definition of...»

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Why has the European Court of Justice been so central to the process of integration?

Document abstract : «"Law is often still treated as if it were a separate field, clearly distinct from the economic or political spheres" . As the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has never been given a lot of media coverage, most of the time, its role in the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. 1951-1965: The solid foundations of the ECJ.. The European Community a legal entity.. The Treaties of Paris and Rome empowering the ECJ.. The judges' expansive methods.. 1965-1986: The ECJ as the driving force behind integration.. The...»

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The EU and the disintegration of Yugoslavia

Document abstract : «In order to better understand the disintegration of Yugoslavia at the beginning of the 1990s, it is interesting to recall that Yugoslavia was first created in 1918, and was dismembered firstly during World War Second. Then, it has been dismembered...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. On the brink of civil war: Misunderstanding, incomprehension and division.. Yugoslavia: An explosive situation.. The West: Division of the European Union. Improbable attempts at maintaining peace in Yugoslavia.. The EU between...»

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The budgetary implication of the European Union's May 2004 enlargement

Document abstract : «On 1 May 2004 Europe celebrates the entrance of ten new members in the European Union but behind the fireworks and the celebrations, Brussels has to adapt itself to this new generation of the European project. One of the most important points is the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The new balance.. Agenda 2000.. The financial framework 2007-2013.. Structure of the financial framework 2007-2013.. Conclusion.. Bibliography.....»

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Multi-level governance in the European Union

Document abstract : «The former French President of the European Commission, Jacques Delors, once stated that the European Union was an "unidentified political object". This phrase highlights the complexity of the EU polity, which various theories have tried to capture...»

Synopsis abstract : «Assessing the claim that the EU represents a move from state-centric to multi-level governance.. The complexity of the EU polity.. Models focusing on the relationship between supranational, national and subnational institutions.. The relevance of...»

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The economic, territorial, and cultural impact of the European Union on the Danish identity

Document abstract : «Created by the treaty of Rome in 1957, the European Union now has 25 member states. Over the years and decades, it has developed a wide range of policies with an emphasis on economic measures. The member states have had to adapt themselves to this...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Danish identity and culture.. Danish identity at stake and the European Union.. Debates about the European Union and Denmark 1970's to 1980's.. The tight coupling of the state and the nation.. The European Union's democratic...»

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The European Union

Document abstract : «The European Union, which formed under this name in 1992, currently consists of 25 nations and covers much of Western Europe. The European Union is an enormous organization that was initially created to maintain peace and security between European...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction to the European Union. Formation of the European Union. The idea of union between European nations . The idead of economic integration. The European Union as it stands today. The council of the European Union. The meeting of the...»

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The European identity issue: what most determines the European "we feeling"?

Document abstract : «"You don't fall in love with a common market" (EU Commission President Jacques Delors in The European, 3 November 1994). Here emerges one of today's most challenging issues for the European Union: the prevalence of market integration has created a...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Constitutional patriotism . Literature. Model. Data. Results. Symbols and iconography. Literature. Model. Data. Results. The constitutive other . Literature. Model. Data. Res...»

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Critically examine the factors that ultimately led to the enlargement of the EU in 2004. What are the stages and debates?

Document abstract : «According to the article 43 of the European Community treaty, 'any European State may apply to become a member of the Union[]the conditions of admission and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the Union is founded which such admission...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The end of the Cold War and the Eastern European countries. The instauration of an economic market. The link between the EU and Eastern Europe. Divergences between the member States of the Union. 1989 and 1993: The idea of an EU...»

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The European Union and organized crime

Document abstract : «With French and Dutch voters' recent rejection of the proposed constitutional treaty for the European Union, a number of proposals in the field of Justice and Home Affairs have been watered down or considerably postponed. However, both EU leaders...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. A strategy based on co-operation. the Tampere summit and the priorities set by EU leaders . A framework decision in the field of money laundering. Improving cooperation between member states and national law-enforcement agencies. What...»

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The European Union and national sovereignty

Document abstract : «The birth of the modern sovereign state is usually associated with the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, after which modern nation-states began to constitute in Europe. Today, some scholars argue that state sovereignty has been challenged by trends such as...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The lack of recognition European Union . The book Questioning sovereignty by Neil MacCormick. The milestones of European integration: The case Costa v. ENEL . Conclusion: Neil MacCormick's assertion that EU member states are no longer...»

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The UK and the Euro

Document abstract : «Exposé en Anglais sur le Royaume-Uni et un passage éventuel à l'euro, qui examine les différents arguments favorables et opposés à l'adoption de la monnaie européenne. Soon after election, in 1997, the Chancellor, Gordon Brown, said that four of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The economic and political debate. Arguments for membership. Arguments against. Is Britain likely to join in the next few years?. Public opinion. Interest groups: The media and the No and Yes campaign. 'Prepare and...»

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The integration of the European Union

Document abstract : «On the 16th April, 2003, ten new members were signing the adhesion treaty to the European Union, in front of the Parthenon in Athens. The adhesion of these ten new countries, among which eight were ex-communist countries, represented a historic...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. EU's quest for the optimal institutional structure. The issue of the future of the Union. The issue of the Union's presidency. Different economic structures and needs. The quarrel between 'the cicadas and the ants'. The entry of ten...»

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