Experiment: Mole Ratios, Limiting and Excess Reactants and Precent Yield
Summary :
Table of Contents
- Purpose:
- Theory:
- Materials
- Procedure-
- Observations
- Experiment Errors
- Conclusion
- Sometimes the smallest occurrences are a big deal in chemistry and it is important to note them and acknowledge that they exist.
Abstract
The purpose of this lab is as follows: To use mole ratios to predict the amount of precipitate formed, to use mole ratios to study the effect of reactant molarity on the yield of product, to use mole ratios to study limiting and excess reactants, and to design an experiment which achieves the above objectives.
The exact reacting ratio has to come into play when the two solutions are mixed. The molarity of the solution given must calculated before the experimentation process begins. One of the reactants will stay the same and the other one will change. This reactant will change in volume, thus being the independent variable. There will be a precipitate forming from the reaction of the two reactants. The molarity of the changing reactant is to be calculated. To do this, the concept of the exact reacting ratio should be comprehended. When two solutions are mixed and the ratio of their moles is perfect, this will be the exact reacting ratio. But when the ratio is not perfect (which in most cases it will not be) then one of the chemicals will be left over. It will not be fully used. The reactant that is fully used is called the limiting reacting because it is limiting the other reactant from fully reacting. The reactant that is not fully used up is the excess reactant. This one is left over. These concepts could be more easily grasped and understood through an example. How many hamburgers can you make with 8 buns and 5 pieces of meat? Only 5. In this case, the buns are the excess reactant because they will not be used up; the meat is the limiting reactant.
The exact reacting ratio has to come into play when the two solutions are mixed. The molarity of the solution given must calculated before the experimentation process begins. One of the reactants will stay the same and the other one will change. This reactant will change in volume, thus being the independent variable. There will be a precipitate forming from the reaction of the two reactants. The molarity of the changing reactant is to be calculated. To do this, the concept of the exact reacting ratio should be comprehended. When two solutions are mixed and the ratio of their moles is perfect, this will be the exact reacting ratio. But when the ratio is not perfect (which in most cases it will not be) then one of the chemicals will be left over. It will not be fully used. The reactant that is fully used is called the limiting reacting because it is limiting the other reactant from fully reacting. The reactant that is not fully used up is the excess reactant. This one is left over. These concepts could be more easily grasped and understood through an example. How many hamburgers can you make with 8 buns and 5 pieces of meat? Only 5. In this case, the buns are the excess reactant because they will not be used up; the meat is the limiting reactant.
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