Gas Chromatography
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physics & chemistry
case study
published 20/11/2007
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level : General public
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SummaryChromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze chemicals. It was initially discovered in the early 1900’s by chemist Mikhail Tsvett who was researching chlorophyll to separate plant pigments.1 The components undergoing separation are divided into two phases, a stationary phase, and a mobile phase. The stationary phase does not move while the mobile phase, which includes the sample, passes through the stationary phase. Different chemicals are impeded at different rates through the stationary phase based on individual properties which make them unique.2
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- Once the mobile phase has passed completely through the stationary phase and the molecules have hopefully been separated they enter a detector which senses individual components.
- To begin the experiment we constructed our own homemade, small-scale gas chromatograph using a glass column, Tide, clothespins, polyester fiber, copper coil, and latex tubing.
- Using a commercial gas chromatograph and the same halocarbons, Freon 22 and Freon 123, we were able to calculate the concentrations of each halocarbon and analyze them to compare our findings to our homemade gas chromatograph.
- For each halocarbon the green-blue flame appeared, intensified, and disappeared as portrayed in Figure 1.
- The computer calculated the retention times from an unknown concentration mixture of Freon 22 and Freon 123 after being run through the commercial gas chromatograph.
- The hypothesis I made prior to the experiment held true. Freon 22 had a shorter retention time than Freon 123 in both the homemade and commercial gas chromatographs.
- There was a positive correlation between both boiling point and molecular weight and the retention time.
- By using the commercial gas chromatograph we were able to calculate quantitative information by creating a plot using calibration data and comparing our area under the curve to the determined areas on the graph.
- By using the commercial gas chromatograph we were able to calculate quantitative information by creating a plot using calibration data and comparing our area under the curve to the determined areas on the graph.
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