Heteroglossia and Shelly’s Frankenstein
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published 30/05/2008
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SummaryAccording to M. M. Bahktin, heteroglossia is the use of different novelistic modes of expression (authorial speech, narrators, inserted genres, speech of characters, dialogue, etc.) to express and represent the diversity of social speech types and a diversity of individual voices. Mary Shelly’s 1818 publication of her famous novel, Frankenstein, utilizes many aspects of heteroglossia to tell the story of her “modern Prometheus.” The novel begins with a narration of letters by R. Walton, on his exploration toward the North Pole, to his sister in England. After the discovery of Frankenstein by Walton and his crew, the narration turns to Victor Frankenstein’s telling of his story to Walton. Midway through the book, when Frankenstein encounters his monster, the narrative voice changes to the Monster and the telling of his story.
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- By beginning the novel with a series of letters and using the narrative construct that she chose for this novel.
- Dispersed throughout Frankenstein's narration are several letters from minor characters of the novel.
- During the monster's tale there are references to three other literary works, most notably Paradise Lost.
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