«Some events stamp on the history of mankind forever : the French Revolution is definitely one of these. Indeed, really few upheavals such as this one triggered so many thoughts, comments and passionate reactions all over the world. Although lot of...» Summary abstract
«The story of Cleopatra is one of epic proportions. Fully of mystery, intrigue and intelligence, Cleopatra is considered one of the most prominent and powerful figures in history. Due to the "Hollywood-ification" of her life as well as legendary...» Summary abstract
«Following the recent ceasefire declared by ETA on 22nd March of this year (2006), never has it been more appropriate to look further into what the American Government has classified as one of the best-organised terrorist organisations in the world. ...» Summary abstract
«What makes Paris the number one tourist destination in the world lies in the myriad cultural and historical landmarks that have not only shaped modern society, but continue to challenge and inspire those who will only be considered visitors. The...» Summary abstract
«The Colosseum is one of the most famous buildings that are visited by millions every year. It was used for many events, and the most famous was the popular gladiator fights. It is a very complex building with high architectural methods used to build...» Summary abstract
«America has (nearly) always been the destination of choice for the world's migrants. Spanning an entire continent, the country has historically offered land, jobs, and tolerance to those who seek them. For South Americans especially, the United...» Summary abstract
«The term "Stalinism" refers to the brutal dictatorship which lasted from 1927 to 1953 in
Russia and Eastern European countries. Although he was the leader of Soviet Russia, after the Second World War Stalin soon became the dictator of a Soviet...» Summary abstract
«A collection of analysis of recent tax news, here is an excerpt from one of them:
There are some US cities and states that already have levied taxes on soft drinks and junk foods. Money is exchanging hands in this "taxing" process, but what is...» Summary abstract
«1. The Alarm. Number V is the last of a series of five topical essays published by Hampden, Pseudonym, in 1773. Each of the five essays was published in the month of October. Number V, like the prior Hampden essays, was published in New York,...» Summary abstract
«Fidel Castro came into power in Cuba on January 1, 1959. He obtained power through a 25-month revolution. Despite the use of guerilla warfare, the revolution was fairly bloodless. By this time Castro was a beloved figure in Cuba, regarded as a...» Summary abstract
«Salman Rushdie has been in hiding for over a decade due to assassins who are out searching for him because of his "anti-Islamic blasphemy, belief and disbelief, anti-Thatcher politics, and pro-Western propaganda" (Kuortti 1999: 15). Even though...» Summary abstract
«Gregorio and Asunta, a Peruvian Indian couple, tell their life stories in "Andean lives", a pair of autobiographical narratives edited by two young anthropologists. The story takes place in the highlands of Peru, where millions of indigenous...» Summary abstract
«Throughout the history of the United States, Africans and African-Americans have consistently been treated as second-class citizens. This prejudice is most apparent and appalling in the system of slavery that lasted for more than two hundred years...» Summary abstract
«The legal practice of slavery in the United States of America ended on December 6th, 1865 with the passage of the 13th amendment to the Constitution. In the wake of the terrible carnage of the American Civil War, people have tried to make sense over...» Summary abstract
«The dictionary definition of "great" is: "of extraordinary powers; having unusual merit;" This definition fits with the interpretation of what it was to be great according to the pharaohs of the New Kingdom, especially those of the eighteenth and...» Summary abstract
«One of the most interesting periods of Egyptian history comes during the 18th Dynasty of the New Kingdom. In approximately 1479 B.C., the Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose II died and, after a short dispute, was succeeded by his consort Hatshepsut who...» Summary abstract
«What does it mean to be ‘un-American?’ For most of the twentieth century, a congressional committee took upon itself the mission of defining that vague and often misused term. The committee went through different iterations and attacked...» Summary abstract
«The year is 1942. Nazi gains in the Soviet Union and North Africa have brought the Allies to the verge of destruction, while Japan continues to conquer island after island in the Pacific. Even Australia is in full panic mode, as occupied New Guinea...» Summary abstract
«Some cities seem to go on forever, able to reappear in very different guises and characteristics from one era to another. Ankara is one such changeling. With its roots more than 4,000 years ago in the Bronze Age, it was a trading city to the Greeks,...» Summary abstract
«An age-old eastern Mediterranean metropolis of nearly two and a half millennia, Alexandria is Egypt's second-largest city; an important, burgeoning industrial center; and the country's principal port. It also has survived as a romantic myth, as "the...» Summary abstract
«Extensive areas in Sudano-Sahelian West Africa are experiencing increasing population densities and cultivation pressure, insecure land tenure, low annual rainfall amounts (500-800 mm/yr), and soil infertility, all of which affect local cropping...» Summary abstract
«Since ancient times, the gateway to Palestine has been considered the magnificent harbor at Acre. Now a small Israeli city with a mixed population of Palestinians and Jews, Acre has for more than 4,000 years served the hinterland of southern...» Summary abstract
«Almost everyone has seen a picture of Stonehenge, the famous circle of large upright stones in southern England. Yet very few people know that it was built in several stages over a period of more than a thousand years, starting nearly five thousand...» Summary abstract
«To analyze history is to delve into a world of a complex mixture of social, political, economic, and technological interaction. Indeed, it is these elements that define and furthermore provide some form of a substantive characterization of the...» Summary abstract
«The Meiji Ishin, or Meiji Restoration culminated in 1868 in the abolition of the feudal Tokugawa bakufu and made way for the modern, Westernized Japan. The mid nineteenth century was a time of vast development around the world, and Japan was...» Summary abstract
«The United States intelligence community is comprised of people who live their lives according to a code of conduct and the orders they receive from superior members of their hierarchical "family". Members of the Federal Bureau of Investigation...» Summary abstract
«It seems that a sad hallmark of indigenous peoples is their oppression and systematic elimination at the hands of foreigners. The Native American marginally survives today after centuries of conflict with Europeans. The Ainu of Japan were nearly...» Summary abstract
«BUSINESS DESCRIPTION: An ethanol production company with the uniqueness of making ethanol from sea-algae cellulose. This production method allows ethanol to be sold at a much lower price than competitors as well as making it cheaper than...» Summary abstract
«It was during Peter the Great's reign that Russia emerged as a prevailing European power. This advancement of Russia into European affairs would be accredited to Peter's introduction of Western technological, cultural, military and political ideas...» Summary abstract
«Imperialism is the policy of expanding national territory and influence. Throughout the nineteenth century Europe immersed itself in an embroiled colonial race that caused rivalries and friendships that were forever altering with every move. Central...» Summary abstract
«The city of Chicago, Illinois has experienced numerous monumental periods and events during its history. From the famous Chicago Fire to the creation of the world's tallest building, it is quite easy to declare Chicago's past to be very eventful. ...» Summary abstract
«The Nation of Islam is defined as "a religious and political organization founded in the United States in 1930 with a declared aim of resurrecting the spiritual, mental, social and economic condition of the Black man and woman of America and the...» Summary abstract
«The nature of the hermaphrodite was a source of conflicting emotions in the Classical World. On one hand, the androgynous being represented a kind of natural deformity and was treated with fear; on the other hand, the hermaphrodite was the...» Summary abstract
«Before day break of June 6, 1862, Federal troops discovered that Confederate soldiers were nearby. This occurred in Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee. The Battle of Shiloh was just beginning and it would become one of the most significant and perhaps...» Summary abstract
«In 1997 South Africa had the highest murder rate in the world.1 For the period 1998 - 2000, it slipped to number two, losing the top spot to Colombia, but retained the number one position (per capita) in murders with firearms, rapes, and assaults.2...» Summary abstract
«Running a length of 35 miles, spanning a width of 15 miles and covering an area of 381 square miles, Salton Sea makes for the largest inland saline lake in the state of California. With a surface elevation of 227 feet below sea level, it is located...» Summary abstract
«At the forefront of Western Civilization stood Ancient Greece and her two most prized City-States, Athens and Sparta. Although the two developed relatively alongside each other, many cultural and ideological differences arose as time spanned...» Summary abstract
«When the origin of the United States' entrance into World War II is reviewed Pearl Harbor is the event that justified American intervention. Once bombs were dropped in Hawaii the U.S. had no choice but to declare war on Japan. The United States'...» Summary abstract
«Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767 in Lancaster County, straddling the state line of both North and South Carolina. Although both states claimed Jackson as their own, he himself always stated that South Carolina was his home. His parents were...» Summary abstract
«The February and October Revolutions of 1917 were based, in large part, on Marxist visions of class struggle and working class power. Despite not being an industrial power, the Russian working class was significant. Benjamin Nathans sums up the...» Summary abstract
«Riane Eisler's "The Chalice and the Blade", published in 1988, presents a new theory of human cultural evolution, as well as a new vision of reconstructed history. Eisler draws from archaeological discoveries made in the latter half of the 20th...» Summary abstract
«Anyone familiar with the claims put forth in The Book of Mormon (from here on referred to as BoM) knows that they are indeed astounding. Within its pages, one takes a glimpse into an advanced ancient culture(s) that had once populated the New World...» Summary abstract
«Anyone familiar with the claims put forth in The Book of Mormon (from here on referred to as BoM) knows that they are indeed astounding. Within its pages, one takes a glimpse into an advanced ancient culture(s) that had once populated the New World...» Summary abstract
«The outbreak of the Salvadoran civil war at the end of the 1970's and its continuation throughout the following decade, had an immensely detrimental impact on the society as a whole. While the crimes perpetrated by all relevant actors have been well...» Summary abstract
«It was during the Han Dynasty under Confucian scholar Dong Zhong Shu's persuasion that Emperor Wu (r. 140-68 BC) canonized the five Confucian classics as teachings of the state, created an imperial academy and instituted the civil service...» Summary abstract
«Although there exist many manifestations of apocalypse in our society, an extensive study of the subject of apocalypse will demonstrate the presence of an inherent trait that runs constant within nearly all forms of apocalypse; despite the fact that...» Summary abstract
«"THE ASSASSINATION of John Fitzgerald Kennedy on November 22, 1963, was a cruel and shocking act of violence directed against a man, a family, a nation, and against all mankind." This is the first statement made on page 1 of the Report of the...» Summary abstract
«Southeast Asia did not escape the effects of the Great Depression that burst upon the Western industrialised world at the beginning of the 1930s. The 1929 crisis formed a watershed in the history of Southeast Asia, leaving neither the economic,...» Summary abstract
«Stereotypes of Native Americans have continued through to the 21st century with films like Dances with Wolves (1990), The Last of the Mohicans (1992), and Pocahontas (1995). In films like these and other popular culture, Native Americans appear...» Summary abstract
«In a decade of cataclysmic worldwide depression and spreading fascism, the Spanish Civil War's Anarchist forces signaled a message of renewed hope of emancipation to the scattered working-class forces throughout the globe. The question still...» Summary abstract
«World War I, lasting from 1914 to 1918, was a culmination of entangling alliances, new technology and empirical greed. The Great War, as it is sometimes called, brought the whole of Europe into years of stalemate, death and destruction. United...» Summary abstract
«Thailand is arguably one of the most beautiful countries in the world. It is a nation rich in history and culture, populated with a warm, hospitable people who endeavor to make any tourist or visitor feel at home. Before we discuss the people, let's...» Summary abstract
«One of the most tragic and at the same time heroic episodes of the Second World War, or as it is referred to in the Soviet/Russian context The Great Patriotic War, is the Siege of Leningrad. The siege itself, although not a key strategic event on...» Summary abstract
«In the period immediately following its defeat in the Second World War Germany was faced with many problems: rebuilding itself after the destruction of the war, re-establishing a political infrastructure, and coming to grips with its Nazi past....» Summary abstract
«In its early years as a wealthy French colony, Haiti was the envy of European imperial powers; however, in the last two centuries it has undergone a major transformation from a blooming Caribbean colony to an economically, socially, environmentally,...» Summary abstract
«Alexander's father, Phillip II, ruled Macedon from 359 to 336 BC. Alexander's accomplishments may not have been achieved if it weren't for his father's military and political efforts. Philip's military work included fortifying the Macedonian army...» Summary abstract
«Rigoberta Menchu᷃ Tum, a great nonviolent leader, born in 1959 in Guatemala, struggled through many hardships with her family. Her mother and father, community leaders working towards their goal of giving power to the peasant workers, fought...» Summary abstract
«After the Athenians defeated the Persians in defense of their glorius city. Pericles had proposed a resurrection and rebuilding of the Athenian temples that were destroyed by the Persian invaders. The best materials, artists, and laborers were...» Summary abstract
«The book is a logical presentation of the historical development of the Republican's success in campaigning for wedge issues. Wedge issues have been instrumental in the campaign of Republican's since wedge issues like gay marriage, illegal...» Summary abstract
«In 1953, Arthur Miller composed a highly-charged work for the theater that struck its audiences as frighteningly relevant to the times. That play was called The Crucible, and its fictional examination of the Salem Witch trials has become a classic...» Summary abstract
«The 19th day of December in 1777 marked significantly on the history of United States of America for this was the day when George Washington together with 11,000 soldiers encamped in Valley Forge, a "2,000 - acre Pennsylvania community [...] twenty...» Summary abstract
«El año 1939 señaló un momento triunfante para el general Francisco Franco y su banda nacional, marcando el fin de la Guerra Civil y el principio de "La Paz de Franco" que supuestamente siguió. Al contrario, para la población derrotada (los...» Summary abstract
«In the United States, the 1950s was the rise of suburbia. Undeveloped areas were constructed into planned communities. One of the most famous subdivisions of this time was known as Levittown. Levittown was a political subdivision of Long Island, New...» Summary abstract
«Communism is a political structure based on economic principles that promote the establishment of a classless society in which everything is commonly owned. ("Communism" Par 1) On the contrary, Capitalism is based on the principle that land and...» Summary abstract
«As a result of the Mexican American War, Mexico lost almost half of its territory to the United States. The victory of the Mexican American War seemed to fulfill the citizens' beliefs in Manifest Destiny. The newly acquired territories of the United...» Summary abstract
«George Washington was born in 1732 into a Virginia planter family and was raised to be an eighteenth century Virginia gentlemen. Washington was a general and took part in the French and Indian War as well as the American Revolutionary War....» Summary abstract
«At the turn of the twentieth century, the Armenians were already a dispersed people; one scattered around the world but primarily divided between the Ottoman and Russian Empires. Their dispersion, however, became part of their self-conception as a...» Summary abstract
«The Nez Perce War is a series of wars that occurred from June, 1877 to September, 1877 between the white settlers and the tribes of the Nez Perces. The Nez Perce lost over fifty of their tribe members during a surprise raid by the white settlers...» Summary abstract
«Music is a creation capable of greatly influencing and inspiring the people that it reaches. Many musicians and scholars suggest that a generation may even be defined by its choice of music. Music is even revered by some as a form of therapy,...» Summary abstract
«The War of 1812 was mainly between the United States and Great Britain. The "relatively small conflict" (Heidler & Heidler, 2002, p.1) lasted for almost three years-from June of 1812 to Spring of 1815. The war still continued for a few months after...» Summary abstract
«In the 18th and 19th centuries, many men from the West journeyed to Greece, trading in their comfortable existences in Europe and America for exciting adventures where many risked their lives in the face of pirates, brigands, and plague; and for...» Summary abstract
«Introduction
Throughout the course of history, there have been numerous female leaders that have demonstrated their strength and courage to the world. While many of these leaders have been written about in the annals of history, some have left a...» Summary abstract
«Indonesia is home to one of the Seven Wonders of the World: the Buddhist monument of Borobudur. Although this monument is not one of the most widely known wonders of the globe it clearly represents a pinnacle of both architectural development and...» Summary abstract
«In the aftermath of World War II, Europe showed a notable overall decline in both its economic production and its overall primacy in the international community. While some historians have argued that the