«Tantra, is set of mystical practices employing rituals, mythologies, and sacred sexuality to achieve divine awareness. It is a system of mysticism found in both Hindu and Buddhist spiritual traditions and perhaps predates them as well. This paper...» Summary abstract
«Making money is easy however loosing it is easier. One look at the chart for the Indian Stock Market would reveal that the markets are cyclical going up and down from time to time. Markets are also very volatile, something you will realize if you...» Summary abstract
«"Every social group, every nationality, every region, every town, every village, had its own revolution", wrote Christopher Read and indeed, 1917 proved to be for Russia a year of turmoil and change. Traditionally, however, 1917 is known as a year...» Summary abstract
«One could argue that World War One did not have a huge impact on British society compared to the Second World War. However, the conflict was soon called the 'Great War' in Britain, and it was the first time that the whole society was involved in the...» Summary abstract
«The production of pottery can be considered one of the most important steps an early civilization can take. In point of fact, early societies are often distinguished by their development of pottery, such as the Pre-pottery Neolithic A and B periods...» Summary abstract
«World War I (1914-1918) left the European continent completely devastated (especially France and Belgium). Human and material losses were massive. Indeed, about 10 million lives had been lost during the war. In order to prevent this nightmare from...» Summary abstract
«The Hundred Years War is an important period of the English history and of the French history. The Hundred Years' War was a conflict between France and England, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453. It was fought primarily over claims by the English...» Summary abstract
«The book is a logical presentation of the historical development of the Republican's success in campaigning for wedge issues. Wedge issues have been instrumental in the campaign of Republican's since wedge issues like gay marriage, illegal...» Summary abstract
«Latin American history is the story of on-and-off again exploitation; from being a colonial possession to a neo-colonial inferior. There have been very few periods in time that the continent has been able to develop without interference. By...» Summary abstract
«Some events stamp on the history of mankind forever : the French Revolution is definitely one of these. Indeed, really few upheavals such as this one triggered so many thoughts, comments and passionate reactions all over the world. Although lot of...» Summary abstract
«"The search for national character is one of the obsessive dead ends of Australian history (Alistair, 1997)". Australians spent time searching for their national identity in the years following the 1901 Federation. The Great War posed exactly the...» Summary abstract
«The story of Cleopatra is one of epic proportions. Fully of mystery, intrigue and intelligence, Cleopatra is considered one of the most prominent and powerful figures in history. Due to the "Hollywood-ification" of her life as well as legendary...» Summary abstract
«What makes Paris the number one tourist destination in the world lies in the myriad cultural and historical landmarks that have not only shaped modern society, but continue to challenge and inspire those who will only be considered visitors. The...» Summary abstract
«The responsibilities of teachers include teaching effectively by considering the individual students' needs in their classroom and using different instructional strategies as appropriate. In addition, teachers should be capable of organizing and...» Summary abstract
«Following the recent ceasefire declared by ETA on 22nd March of this year (2006), never has it been more appropriate to look further into what the American Government has classified as one of the best-organised terrorist organisations in the world. ...» Summary abstract
«The Colosseum is one of the most famous buildings that are visited by millions every year. It was used for many events, and the most famous was the popular gladiator fights. It is a very complex building with high architectural methods used to build...» Summary abstract
«America has (nearly) always been the destination of choice for the world's migrants. Spanning an entire continent, the country has historically offered land, jobs, and tolerance to those who seek them. For South Americans especially, the United...» Summary abstract
«The term "Stalinism" refers to the brutal dictatorship which lasted from 1927 to 1953 in
Russia and Eastern European countries. Although he was the leader of Soviet Russia, after the Second World War Stalin soon became the dictator of a Soviet...» Summary abstract
«A collection of analysis of recent tax news, here is an excerpt from one of them:
There are some US cities and states that already have levied taxes on soft drinks and junk foods. Money is exchanging hands in this "taxing" process, but what is...» Summary abstract
«1. The Alarm. Number V is the last of a series of five topical essays published by Hampden, Pseudonym, in 1773. Each of the five essays was published in the month of October. Number V, like the prior Hampden essays, was published in New York,...» Summary abstract
«Salman Rushdie has been in hiding for over a decade due to assassins who are out searching for him because of his "anti-Islamic blasphemy, belief and disbelief, anti-Thatcher politics, and pro-Western propaganda" (Kuortti 1999: 15). Even though...» Summary abstract
«Gregorio and Asunta, a Peruvian Indian couple, tell their life stories in "Andean lives", a pair of autobiographical narratives edited by two young anthropologists. The story takes place in the highlands of Peru, where millions of indigenous...» Summary abstract
«Fidel Castro came into power in Cuba on January 1, 1959. He obtained power through a 25-month revolution. Despite the use of guerilla warfare, the revolution was fairly bloodless. By this time Castro was a beloved figure in Cuba, regarded as a...» Summary abstract
«Organizational rules, called Old Charges, from groups or guilds of European stonemasons date back to the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries according to some historians, while others date these guilds as far back as 1057 in Scotland and 1220 in...» Summary abstract
«During the middle ages, when Feudal Europe witnessed a period of intellectual and cultural stagnation, the cities of Italy such as Venice, Florence, and Milan prospered as trading posts connecting Europe to the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim world...» Summary abstract
«Throughout the mid-1700's resistance to British control in the colonies grew as Britain tried to consolidate their empire through a series of ordinances after the Seven Years' War. Although the passage of the Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Sugar Act,...» Summary abstract
«Mesopotamia or Bilad Al-Rafidayn, the Arabic terminology for "land between the rivers" is widely considered as the "cradle of civilization" on account of the flourishing urban communities that thrived in this land much before the rest of the world...» Summary abstract
«World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict lasting from 1914 C.E. to 1919 C.E. Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey, called the Central Powers fought...» Summary abstract
«The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1347 C.E. and 1351 C.E, reducing the population of Europe by nearly half, and resulting in widespread socio-economic and other changes. Medieval people...» Summary abstract
«Wages are income derived from human labor. Salaries are similar to wages, but denote a more routine and constant payment on a time bound basis, as opposed to a work-bound payment association of wages. The term Wage and Salary encompass remuneration...» Summary abstract
«The History of the United States of America is the story of man's determination and struggle to establish a definite and structured way of life, overcoming obstacles. A study of the chronological timeline of the History of U.S.A. details this fact...» Summary abstract
«The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Ghaggar-Hakra civilization or the Harappan Civilization was one of the most ancient of world civilizations, a contemporary of the ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilization. This civilization...» Summary abstract
«The imposition of colonial power in Africa disrupted all aspects of indigenous society. Not only were Africans robbed of political independence, but pre-colonial social structures were also destroyed or transformed based on the mercy of certain...» Summary abstract
«Reading The Lover, you have the experience of sitting down with Marguerite Duras, perhaps in a dim room on a day in late summer, sipping cold tea in tall glasses, intent on hearing the story of her Chinese lover, the man she lost her innocence to...» Summary abstract
«On June 4th 1989, Deng Xiaoping and nine other members of the permanent Comity commanded the Prime Minister Li Peng to repress the occupation of Tiannenmen square by millions of students. Actually, this manifestation had started on the2nd of April ...» Summary abstract
«Victims told their stories to the Truth Commission while, in another hall, in other time, perpetrators explained their deeds. During the Algerian War (1954-1962), called "the war of independence", French soldiers raped many Algerian women, but this...» Summary abstract
«The history of Vichy has been subjected to heated controversies since 1945. In the years that followed the liberation, most historians and politicians alleged that France had resisted to the German, and developed a myth, the "Resistantialisme". This...» Summary abstract
«Since the beginning of the XIX century, Europe had known a series of crises, due to serious issues which were causing mounting friction amongst the Powers. Nonetheless, at the beginning of 1914 Europe seemed to be at peace, and the international...» Summary abstract
«This text, written by Captain Meriwether Lewis at Fort Mandan on April 7th, 1805, may be regarded as one of the main turning points of the expedition. Indeed, the long and harsh winter they endured when they could not move on westward to the...» Summary abstract
«The Tudor period in English history refers to the period between 1485 C.E. and 1603 C.E. that coincides with the rule of the Tudor dynasty. The five monarchs who ruled England during this period were Henry VII (1485 C.E. to 1509 C.E.), Henry VIII...» Summary abstract
«Indus civilization is considered as the most mysterious civilization of the world because until now researchers have failed to provide a plausible explanation of the symbols and language found written on various tablets. Considered as an urban...» Summary abstract
«Abelard and Heloise sustained a reputation as great lovers for many centuries. Yet their romantic relationship was essentially over when they composed their famous correspondence; the very nature of their love affair remains unclear. Both Abelard...» Summary abstract
«The Gypsies are now recognized to have originated from northern India and to have arrived in Europe around the 14th century. This deprives the Gypsies of an historical homeland and a state able to protect their rights, even outside its borders....» Summary abstract
«Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt were both patriarchal societies. Women were second class citizens. However, in both civilizations women rose to prominence and even managed to rule. This paper will contrast those exceptions to male domination and the...» Summary abstract
«Philippe Soller used to say that the beauty of conciseness is that it allows us to transmit, guiltlessly, only commonly accepted truths. I am afraid I will have to show, very concisely, how innovating and dissenter is the study of Philippe Beaujard...» Summary abstract
«The independence of India in August 1947 was the result of a long process which started after the First World War. Indeed in 1919 Parliament had passed the Government of India Act which was designed to organize provincial governments in India. Then,...» Summary abstract
«The UN was founded immediately after the horrors of the Second World War because of the Nazi-regime and in response to the economic and social difficulties after the Depression. This need of security by law was explained by a particular tradition in...» Summary abstract
«The story of the Holy Grail has fascinated people in written form for almost 900 years, and existed in oral form before that date as part of the legend called the Matter of Britain. This has been a pagan story, a Jewish/Islamic story, and a...» Summary abstract
«We have no verifiable information about who wrote the gospels of the New Testament, where they were written, or even when. Later legends connected these gospels with Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, but there is no reliable historical evidence to...» Summary abstract
«Buddhism arose in India around 500 BCE. It was focused on the teachings of Gautama Buddha and organized around the spiritual practices of monks and nuns who also taught the Buddha's message. In the first 500 years of its existence in India the...» Summary abstract
«We tend to think of the Hebrew tradition as one of solid monotheism and a consistent worship of a male God named Yahweh (or sometimes El). Many people know about the Bible story where Moses was angry with the Hebrew people on their way out of...» Summary abstract
«The Mayan civilization was a densely populated and highly advanced civilization that thrived in Mesoamerica from the second century B.C.E., until the arrival of the Spanish in the 15th Century B.C.E. They had their base in the Yucatan and spread...» Summary abstract
«Indus civilization is considered as the most mysterious civilizations of the world because until now researchers have failed to provide a plausible explanation of the symbols and language found written on various tablets. Considered as an urban...» Summary abstract
«Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver are the three largest cities in Canada. As such, they play a pivotal role in the economy, growth, and development of Canada as both a nation unto itself and as an international destination for commerce, tourism, and...» Summary abstract
«The redistricting effort in Texas had a singular goal: to increase the Republican majority in Texas' Congressional delegation. That goal was very nearly met perfectly, with all but one of the Anglo-Democrats targeted by redistricting losing their...» Summary abstract
«Introduction - 'The Quiet Revolution' is the name given to a period in Quebec's history commencing in 1960 and intersecting with the death of Quebec's Premier, Maurice Duplessis. It was a 'revolution' because a number of sweeping changes were made...» Summary abstract
«"Having developed along parallel lines in many areas, the Nordic countries appear as an entity instead of as separate, sovereign countries. The differences of the nations, however, show up clearly when one investigates the fates of the Jewish...» Summary abstract
«The position of women in the medieval German state in the 13th century is a complex one when viewed through an historical lens that looks at gender and sex (using feminist theory) to understand this past era. What are the factors that shaped gender...» Summary abstract
«Kuwait is a small sovereign emirate strategically located on the northwestern coast of the Persian Gulf, tucked between Saudi Arabia and Iraq. The name comes from an Arabic word translating to "fortress built near water," which it very much looks...» Summary abstract
«It is widely agreed that the Black Plague first emerged in Europe in the fourteenth
century around the years of 1347-48. One of the deadliest and most significant pandemics in human history, the Black Plague changed not only the face of Europe,...» Summary abstract
«Many scholarly accounts have been written about the historical Jesus, his life, and teachings. These often dramatically different accounts are all based on the same primary source, the New Testament. We have very little other information about him...» Summary abstract
«In the past three decades Buddhism has become increasingly popular in the West and has had a major impact on Western religious thought and practice. That tradition, however, comes with baggage about the roles and position of women that is...» Summary abstract
«Most of what we know about Mary Magdalene is found in the New Testament or in the documents about the early groups called apocryphal writings. The texts of the New Testament are not reliable historical records, since they were written years after...» Summary abstract
«In recent decades, as Buddhism has gained popularity in the West, Western scholars have begun to apply principles of historical analysis to Buddhist scriptures. One main purpose of this kind of scholarship is to try and determine which of the...» Summary abstract
«The year of 1851 was the first among 150 years of World's Fairs that took the world of tourism, both domestic and abroad, by storm. With over thirty recognizable World's Fairs that have taken place over time, The Lewis and Clark Centennial and...» Summary abstract
«"One half of the world cannot understand the pleasures of the other, " so believes Emma Woodhouse. In this line, spoken to her father, the actions of the title character as chronicled throughout this book are given motive and context. Emma is a...» Summary abstract
«The Arm Reliquary of Saint Pantaleon, a late 13th century example of a "speaking" reliquary in the style of Hugo of Oignies, provides insight into the medieval obsession with relics and the growth of the cult of saints. The reliquary, presented as...» Summary abstract
«Coupled with the fervor of Evangelical Revivalism, anti slavery movements in the Southern states were deeply influenced by religious institutions during the early to mid nineteenth century. Social networks assumed issues of social concern. In Faith,...» Summary abstract
«The mid-nineteenth century was a changing time, and the forces of the industrial revolution were continually changing the social landscape. The industrial revolution brought with it changes in production, manufacturing, farming and transportation,...» Summary abstract
«The English reformist John Wycliffe (c. 1320-1384) was an important precursor to the Reformation movement, headed by Martin Luther (c. 1483-1546). Wycliffe attempted to rid England of many of the same problems in the Roman Catholic Church that...» Summary abstract
«What began as an exercise of hubris, Great Britain's presence in India was strong and far-reaching. Via the East India Company, formally established in 1660, Indian trade patterns grew as the eighteenth century progressed. Through India, the British...» Summary abstract
«Slavery and the opening up of the New World go hand in hand. Whether it be the mining of the silver and gold caches in the Mexican interior or the farming of sugar cane in the Caribbean islands, the riches appropriated by the Europeans from the new...» Summary abstract
«We live in an age where flying at the speed of sound in jet-powered aircraft's is a very ordinary thing. It's a rush, an experience but still very common. But we must not forget how we got here or the machines and people that laid the foundations...» Summary abstract
«The practise of espionage is not a new one; in fact it has been dubbed my many at the world's second oldest profession. Espionage had particular significance for the Allied forces during World War II. Those involved were a special breed of wartime...» Summary abstract
«Today Canada prides itself on being one of the most multicultural countries in the world. This country has people from all over the world. All of these different people have different stories. The story of Asian-Canadians is an interesting one,...» Summary abstract
«The war in Korea was the first war waged against an aggressor state by the United Nations in the twentieth century. It was unlike any other major conflict in that there was no formal declaration of war to mark its beginnings and no peace treaty to...» Summary abstract
«When people think about technology from a contemporary perspective, they often think about all the gadgets and devices that are common-place in our lives. For example, only ten years ago we were watching movies on VCR's and were talking on cell...» Summary abstract
«The decade of the 1960s was a tumultuous time for universities and the students that occupied them. It was a time of changing values, gone were the days of the Old Communist Left of the decades prior, and arrived was the movement of the New Left. ...» Summary abstract
«The lure of the western frontier has played a major part in nation-building in North America. During the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Pacific Coast from Mexico to Alaska was explored, surveyed and mapped by Spanish, English,...» Summary abstract
«Ever since the early days of European colonization, Latin America has always been a hotbed of unequal distribution of wealth. Latin American economies suffer from disproportionately high rates of inequality, with the richest ten percent of the...» Summary abstract
«There was obviously a good amount of rhyme and reason to the Nazi Abwehr's technical jargon. Each codename had its own justification, and worked fairly well on a metaphorical level. From calling forgers "cobblers" (due to the amount of overlap...» Summary abstract
«The setting of The Apology takes place in Athens, Greece in the year 399 BC. After a 27 year war with Sparta, Athens' democratic government was replaced by an oligarchy. An oligarchy is a form of government in which a small group of tyrannical men...» Summary abstract
«The First World War (WWI), the Great War that ended all wars initiated by the Allied and Associated Powers based on the opposition to the Central Powers of Austria-Hungry, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire was the most destructive and by the...» Summary abstract
«The Spanish encountered a culture very foreign to their own in the jagged peaks of the Andes. At the time of the conquest the Andean Mountains were spattered with different languages. There was no alphabetic writing. What the pan-Andeans did have...» Summary abstract
«"In the eyes of the Mesopotamians, everything in the world was divinatory." The entire natural world shared a divine presence, according to the Mesopotamian beliefs within their religion. The Mesopotamian deities ruled supreme over the natural...» Summary abstract
«The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was a major conflict leading to the end of French supremacy on the European continent. For the first time, the armies of the Sun King, Louis XIV, lost their reputation of invincibility. The purpose of...» Summary abstract
«On the morning of August 6, 1945, the United States dropped, on the city of Hiroshima, the first of the only two nuclear bombs ever employed against human population, killing more than 115.000 people - probably as many as 250.000 according to the...» Summary abstract
«From 1872 to 1907, a series of alliances are formed among European major powers. The international system formed by German chancellor Bismarck in order to ensure Germany's hegemony within Europe and prevent a possible French revenge disappears in...» Summary abstract
«The Roman Empire had a very complex structure. It consisted in fact of three interconnected essential elements, each representing an instrument of the power. There was first of all, the central administration, then the provincial administration and...» Summary abstract
«In 1926, Hirohito, the grandson of the Meiji emperor, reached the throne and chose Showa ("enlightened Peace") as the official name of his reign. However, the General Tanaka Giichi became Prime Minister in 1927, confirming the dominating role of the...» Summary abstract
«What is the relationship between Namibia at the dawn of the XXth century, Mein Kampf and UNO? The Hereros establish the link; this community of Southwest Africa who, in spite of it, took part in the ideological elaboration of the genocides century....» Summary abstract
«The Bhopal disaster happened in the early hours of the morning of December 3rd, 1984. It is one of the most terrible industrial disaster or maybe even the most terrible disaster that ever happened. It took place in Bhopal which is the capital city...» Summary abstract
«Understanding the Cold War, it is central to understand the history of the 2nd half of the 20th century. Between 1945 and 1991, there were lots of casualties in more than 100 wars that took place in the 3rd World in that period. Moreover, most of...» Summary abstract
«During and due to the War economy, the American factories had been very active. They bustled with triple shifts. The US had eventually absorbed one of the most severe attacks launched on its values. However the role of the family and women within,...» Summary abstract
«The 1994 Rwandese genocide happened in the following of a civil war which had begun more than three years earlier. In October 1990, the Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF), which gathered the Rwandese who were refugees in south Uganda (mostly since the...» Summary abstract
«The states of the Arab East have always experienced challenging political and social issues mainly inherited from their creation by Great Powers after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Indeed, the Western organizational model of the time, i.e....» Summary abstract
«With the Maastricht Treaty, in 1992, the European Community will now be a single market composed of twelve countries, with no more barriers between them. This change was of course studied and analyzed before coming into force. The European...» Summary abstract
«The American Revolution is one of the biggest events that durably affected the American population: first this conflict was the only one that ever took place on their territory, and secondly it opposed American people themselves in a merciless civil...» Summary abstract
«The Carpathian basin is composed by the Carpathians, the Alps ands the Dinaric Alps. This geographical situation makes present-day Hungary as a singular country, a land with melting-pot cultures from different ages. Finally, the Magyars has sealed...» Summary abstract
«After the Second World War in 1945, a new world order came up: Western Europe had to recover from the damages the war caused, and the US and the Soviet Union were competing against each other for power in a Cold War period. During this era, lasting...» Summary abstract
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