Essays, Term Papers and Presentations in Humanities and Philosophy

Essay on the Vaisesika and Bhagavad Gita Distinctions between Self and Body

Document abstract : «It is my opinion that the distinction between self and body, as set out in the Vaisesika and mentioned in the Vedanta (Sourcebook, 1957, pp121-138, 386-423) , is an extremely cogent theory which seems to be able to reply to most objections raised to...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The Vaisesika: Consciousness cannot belong to the sense-organs. The qualities of the self . The final card that the Buddhists have to play . The multiplicity of selves . Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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Is Sound Eternal, as the Mimansa Philosophers Believe It to Be or Is It Transitory as the Nyaya Says?

Document abstract : «Behind the claim that sound is eternal appears to be the idea that it must be eternal because the utterance of the word is for the purpose of another. Without this eternality, one person could not make anything known to another, because once the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The argument used by the Nyaya philosophers. Sound seems to be multiplied by the number of people who make the sound. An answer for nearly all the objections. The arguments for the eternality of sound. Co...»

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What Would It Mean for an Event to Be a 'Miracle' in the Sense that Hume Describes It?

Document abstract : «In this essay, I hope to show that some of the criticisms levelled against Hume, especially those by Robert Hambourger (1980), are not effective in their attempts to erode Hume's argument. These issues were discussed in an article by Dorothy Coleman...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The idea criticised by Robert Hambourger.. applying considerations to miracles and their credibility. Hume's argument against the rationality of believing in miracles. A look at Coleman's lottery example. What Hambourger says could...»

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Progressing Toward the End of Spirit: Hegel on World History

Document abstract : «Although Hegel's concept of spirit can sound like a purely metaphysical concept, more simply it is the ultimate force of our wills. Hegel believes that the wills of individuals, (which are inherently free wills,) that make up a nation are a kind of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Hegel's lectures and essays. Spirit as being a catalyst which activates us. The breakdown of states and nations. Conclusion....»

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The Ideas of Confucius

Document abstract : «Confucius lived through a time of social change in China. Society was moving away from the old values, and towards more selfish pursuits that he felt were immoral and unjust. To this end, Confucius taught others what he felt were the core values...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Confucius' description of Perfect Virtue . Encouraging thoughtfulness. The analects on Perfect Virtue. Filial Piety . Conclusion....»

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What Is Empiricism?

Document abstract : «Empiricism is a view about where all knowledge comes from. Empiricism is not exclusive to scientific knowledge, but rather knowledge as a whole. This includes knowledge of everyday life. Empiricism states that science and everyday thinking have...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Problems with empiricism. Eternal world skepticism. Inductive skepticism. Disagreement with the empiricist views . Conclusion. Works cited....»

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Who Has Final Control Over Our Bodies: Me, You, or God?

Document abstract : «Human beings, as superior animals, are born with unique cognitive processes that we have yet to identify in other animals. It is our cognition, our thoughts that set us apart from other creatures and make us who we are. However, our ability to think...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Existentialist philosophy . The philosopher Epictetus . The final controller of our person. The crime of choice . Conclusion. References....»

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Homer and the Futility of War

Document abstract : «Rage. Rage is the first word that starts the Iliad (1.1), and as beginnings go it is a substantial foundation for the story told, however leaving the question "Which Rage?". The rage of Achilles at the death of Patrokles, the rage of Menelaus at...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Ways to divide various Anti war fiction. The traditional cut endings. The destruction of the great city . Evidence of Homer's detraction of war . The question of the dates of the Iliad. Conclusion....»

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What is Practical Wisdom?

Document abstract : «Aristotle within his Nicomachean Ethics defines the different regions of the soul, especially the virtues and functions of each. After all his contemplation over universal ideas, such as the very essence and base of justice and wisdom, he also...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Aristotle's constructed argument . The contemplative part of the soul . Practical wisdom . Conclusion....»

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Nietzsche: Genealogy of Morals

Document abstract : «Good versus Evil, this is the ever present conflict in human morality and while nearly one third of the modern world supports this doctrine by supporting Christianity, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche abhors this division of morals. His essay, Genealogy...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Slave Morality as the opposite of noble morality. Utilitarianism. The idea of good in opposition to bad . Conclusion....»

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Carpe Diem? Try Tomorrow

Document abstract : «Initially, I sat in front of a blank page contemplating how to start the introduction, how to draw the reader in. But after an hour, it became clear to me that I could not easily conjure up a stylish lead-in with the subject matter. So here I am...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The movement called 'transhumanism'. The violations transhumanism commits . The notion of inevitability in transhumanism . Conclusion. Works cited....»

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The North Indian Tabla Drum as Saivite Hindu Religious Path

Document abstract : «The traditions of Hindustani (North Indian) tabla drumming gather the various strands of culture that exist in India into a complex social tapestry. In order to understand the cultural phenomenon of tabla music, it must be heard within the context...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The mythological framework . The Nada Brahman cosmology . The congruence between cosmogenic and musical creation . The practice of refining musical ability . Conclusion....»

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Anthrologists in Disagreement over Cockfighting

Document abstract : «In anthropological theory there has been a clear division and consistent debate between cultural materialists and non-materialist symbolic anthropologists. Theorists such as Marvin Harris and Julian Steward are exemplary of the materialist...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Julian Steward's views on Balinese culture. Marvin Harris and Steward . The focus of the works of Clifford Geertz. Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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The Flavor and Sound of Liberation

Document abstract : «The versatile musical functionality of the tabla reflects its utility as an instrument of contemplation. As the rhythmic expression of the drone, the tabla focuses the listener's attention on the present musical moment. From a psychological...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The tantric philosophy of Abhinavagupta. The rasa theory . The aesthetic of tabla music . Conclusion....»

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Devotion and Musical Practice in North India

Document abstract : «The guru-shisya parampara is the system of master/disciple lineage that characterizes the traditional education system of North Indian music. The term parampara, 'disciplic succession,' is introduced in the Bhagavad-gita (4.2), when Krsna tells...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The bond between a guru and his disciple . The Hindu school of tabla music. Ustad Afaq Hussain of the Lucknow gharana . Analogous to religious pursuit of siddhi. The details of the cilla retreat. Sahai's testimony . Ethics and...»

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Longing For HER: Ferlinghetti's Mad Quest for the Muse

Document abstract : «While Lawrence Ferlinghetti makes no claim to being enlightened, his poetry is nonetheless a record of and reaction to the sacred journey. While it is illuminating to read words of the awakened prophets of world history, I think it can be as...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The grammar of poetic myth in The White Goddess. Attempts at pinning down 'her' image. The climax of the 'orgasm in paint'. Conclusion....»

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The Inner Soundscape of Nada-Yoga: Sonic Path of Union

Document abstract : «The Himalayan religious traditions (Saivite Hinduism, Mahayana Buddhism, Tibetan Bon-po) are related by a common heritage of esoteric practices intended to unify the religious aspirant with the ultimate reality (as defined by the particular...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Nada and the esoteric schools. Nada yoga and the non practicing scholar. The nature of mystical paths . The soundscape project . Conclusion. Works cited....»

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Concise Summary of Descartes' Reasoning in "Meditations on First Philosophy"

Document abstract : «Descartes' Meditation One sets out his purpose of creating a new scientific paradigm to be based on a foundation built above the wreckage of his former opinions. He sought a reason to doubt the entire canon of his opinions so that he might begin "to...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Descartes meditations. His first meditation. The second meditation . Descartes' third meditation . The fourth meditation . The idea of a good God . The essence of material things . Discussion of the cartesian synthesis of theology and...»

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Exposition of Kant's "Copernican Revolution" in Philosophy

Document abstract : «Taking their cue from the scientific philosophy of Francis Bacon, the thinkers of the Enlightenment assumed that the mind acted as a mirror, simply reflecting images of outward objects onto the subjective self. Immanuel Kant proposed a reorientation...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The Copernican revolution in science . Kant's doctrine of the 'Transcendental Aesthetic'. Kantian reflections on Berkeley's critique of abstract ideas. Allowing for the existence of an external object. Kant's critique of pure reason...»

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Duality in Mahayana Buddhist Scriptures

Document abstract : «The Buddha's teachings, although expressive of ultimate reality, have been conveyed through the relative medium of language. This discrepancy has led to the invocation of dichotomies such as "reality versus unreality", "existence versus...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The wrong view of an inherently existing 'self'. Realizing the citta matra nature of reality. The chapter of the Samdhinirmocana Sutra . Concepts like the perfection of wisdom and the emptiness of all dharmas . The Lotus...»

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A Comparison of Zen and Shin Buddhism: Dogen VS Shinran

Document abstract : «Buddhism was not originally a Japanese religion, since the said originator of the way, Siddhartha Gautama (also referred to as Shakyamuni Buddha) was born in a region that is now Nepal, and spread his teachings mostly around northern India. China...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Dogen and Buddha dharma. The path towards realization. The moon and enlightenment . The essence of Zen Buddhism. The essence of Shinran's teaching . Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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What is Judaism?

Document abstract : «What is Judaism? What does it mean to be a Jew? According to Webster's Dictionary, "Judaism is a monotheistic religion that traces its roots back to Abraham and having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Hebrew Scriptures...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Jews and the law of the Torah. The effect of effect on Jewish culture . Holidays in judaism. The reason that Kabbalah is so elusive . Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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African Religion and Vodoo

Document abstract : «For more than two hundred years the Haitian religion commonly referred to as voodoo has continued to intrigue, excite, and scare Americans. In a recent Hollywood blockbuster, "The Skeleton Key" starring Kate Hudson, a small New Orleans family is...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Voodoo as an evil religion. The 1989 invasion of Panama by the US Army. Reports of Noriega's bizarre religious services. Covert agenda behind associating Noriega with voodoo . The portrayals of Noriega as a religious deviant . The...»

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To Exist Is to Question Existence Itself

Document abstract : «Writers define themselves by their purposes. A novelist writes to entertain, to embrace the imagination and create a world of escape for the reader. A columnist writes to inform, to relay the facts and describe a world of current events for the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The main difference between a documentary and other forms of writing . The first choice a documentarian makes . A documentary without emotional input. The power of the documentarian . Conclusion. Bibliography...»

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The Fall of Ulysses

Document abstract : «In all its humor, 1984 oe would have in actuality been a very fitting title for Terry Gilliam's Brazil. An invisible, all-powerful government, the struggle of the individual against the state, the apparent hopelessness, there is no doubting the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. New dissenters replacing those detained. Justice: The visible sacrifice made in Brazil . The price of Utilitarianism . Utilitarianism: Viewed as misguided. Conclusion. Work cited....»

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Self-fulfillment

Document abstract : «The controversy surrounding self-fulfilling prophecies, while originally centered on proving their existence, has recently settled on the probability of such phenomenon occurring in a natural environment. While not directly cited in this resource...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The peer reviewed journal articles concerning self fulfilling prophecies . The conclusions of Lee Jussim . Teacher expectations and observations. The focus popular media. The birth of MTV . Conclusion. Works cited....»

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Punishment and the Damned

Document abstract : «It can be questioned whether the Greek and Roman people ever believed in their own gods. However, even such questioning cannot undermine the didactic value of their religion. Greek and Roman mythology thrived on storytelling; bards assumed the role...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Greece and Rome: Division of the world into gendered spheres. The idea of the warrior woman and Ovid . Control over the life of a woman in Greece and Rome. The need for a woman to prevent her own rape . The women escaping sexual...»

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A Discourse on Happiness for a Drug-Free Nation

Document abstract : «For the most part, there are two desirable products of problem solving: personal pleasure and the happiness of others. This difference between selfishness and unselfishness has often defined moral decision making, the former being nothing less than...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Evaluating a situation with a utilitarian perspective. Emphasizing on the nature of pleasure. Issues with utilitarianism. Conclusion. Work cited....»

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A Better Fate: Mythology and the Creation of Meaning

Document abstract : «Mythology: the bookstore catalogue designation where religions go to die. When the believers cease believing in their gods, and when the gods cease believing in themselves. We often forget we once worshiped Zeus and those other "primitive" gods...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The myths of ancient Greece and Rome . The death of a religion. Finding direction and instruction in the past . Conclusion: The end of Christianity....»

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Kant, Mill and Protagoras

Document abstract : «When following the determining factors of morality for either Kant or Mill one would generally arrive to the same conclusion on whether an action is moral or not. Although Kant believes that his method of deriving morality is best, Mill believes...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Kant's method for distinguishing what is moral. Mill's belief that morality is derived from intensions. The contrasting views of Kant and Mill. The allusion to the divine figures . Conclusion. Works cited....»

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Three Vehicles and Their Resulting Enlightenments in Buddhism

Document abstract : «The Buddhist path leading toward nirvana is one properly undertaken with the understanding that enlightenment is something coming in degrees, and perhaps without a finite 'ending point.' It is not unlike the mathematical concept of a limit. "The...»

Synopsis abstract : «The Tripartite nature of Buddhist practice. The Hinayana . The Mahayana . The ten stages of bodhisattva practice. The Mahayana's school of Citta-Matra . Hagiography of the adepts. The three yanas . The model of the Sakyamuni Buddha . The...»

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On the Education of Edgar

Document abstract : «"For doubting pleases me no less than knowing." This quote by Dante which Montaigne uses in his essays strikes at the heart of his ideas about education. He believes that the ancient ways of Aristotle, where one learns through the text of learned...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The beginning of the play . Edgar's realization that he is being hunted. The education of Edgar and the final scene. Conclusion....»

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The Ethics of Cheating: A Look into the Decision of Harry Potter

Document abstract : «In an attempt to test the Aristotelian method discussed in Nicomachean Ethics, I have chosen to discuss the dilemma of cheating. I have chosen this topic in an attempt to be as impartial as possible while discussing at and I have a thorough...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Establishing if Harry is making this decisions voluntarily or not. The conflicts of virtues that arise from the choice with which Harry must deal. Conclusion....»

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Gandhi's Experiments with Truth

Document abstract : «The concept of truth is the central aspect of religion. What is truth? How is it attained? These questions have been the focal points of theological discussion throughout history. Gandhi suggested that truth can be found in his concepts of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Understanding Gandhi himself. The Hindu goal of losing attachment to worldly desires. His disdain for the practice of the caste system and untouchability. The appeal of The New Testament for Gandhi. Conclusion....»

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The Form and Function of Sufi Mystical Visions

Document abstract : «Experience of direct union with God is most often reported to be of an ineffable nature that transcends any means of description. Mystical visions, however, afford the subject of such experiences the ability to interpret, through the hermeneutics of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The Sufi path . Constituting the unitized experience. The universe of instruments . A veritable manifestation/theophany . The field of dream interpretation . The solitary retreat . The guidelines determined by al Sha'rani regarding his...»

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Utopian Thought: Political Perfection Built Upon Human Imperfection

Document abstract : «Utopian fiction, a genre originated by Sir Thomas More in 1516, attempts to expound political theory under the guise of fiction. The narration of these works is essential to the communication of political ideas, as the integrity of the political...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The character of Hythlodae. Lazy and unproductive. Hythlodae as a well dressed gentleman. The moment Pines realizes his position . The political significance of Neville's Isle of Pines. William's father's reaction to his un Christian...»

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Arguing Their Way to Salvation: Eschatology in Jewish-Christian Polemics of the Middle Ages

Document abstract : «This essay will investigate how issues of Jewish messianism and eschatology were used as polemical devices in medieval disputations between Jews and their Christian interlocutors. Eschatology, the system of religious beliefs about the end of time,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The use of eschatology in Jewish-Christian medieval discourse . The Vikuah of Nahmanides. The mythology of redemption and the medieval Jew. The psychology of eschatology . The 'Thirteen Principles of the Jewish Faith'. The Rabbi's...»

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Religion as Means for Social Mechanization in Dystopia

Document abstract : «Dystopian literature describes societies in which Government seizes total control over its citizens by eliminating their sense of individual self, and in turn, efficiently regulating their personal desires. Only with deviant selfishness can a member...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The dystopian novel WE . The yoke of unfreedom. The character of the Buddha . Insignificant actions and sanctified rituals . The mending apparatus . Conclusion....»

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Embodying Emptiness: (Anti-) Aesthetics of the Prajnaparamita-Hrdaya Sutra

Document abstract : «The Prajna-paramita Hrdaya Sutra, the 'heart' of the Mahayana tradition, represents the Buddhist anti-aesthetic of complete enlightenment in which the perception of any dualistic reality is a view of the deluded mind. The Heart Sutra is...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Upaya of the Bodhisattva . Chant as Mahayana Praxis. The Heart Sutra . The Mahayana chants of Chinese Buddhism. Mimesis of emptiness in the Heart Sutra. The Heart Sutra as a story. The Heart Sutra's expression of emptiness to specific...»

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Sufi Love: Submission to the Beautiful

Document abstract : «The practical and esoteric dimensions of Islam intertwine in the Sufi tradition to forge a non-dual relationship between the worshipper and God. Sufis augment their adherence to the Q'uranic doctrine of submission to God (Islam) with a passionate...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The annihilation of ego . Distinguishing between dualistic misperception and unitized understanding of God. The Sufi metaphor for God . The Sufi poet Jami and God's mystery . Conclusion....»

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A Discussion of Panpsychism: The Metaphysics of Consciousness

Document abstract : «Panpsychism describes a world in which "everything has a mind (Chalmers 298)," and everything- animal, botanical, even mineral- is conscious. In order to determine whether or not all things are indeed conscious, two problems must be addressed. A...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Intrinsic properties of the components . David Chalmers' discussion on panpsychism . The distinction between cognition and consciousness . The citta matra (mind only) tradition of Buddhism . Conclusion. Works cited....»

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Ideology and War: Pacifism and Eschatological Militarism in Foreign Policy

Document abstract : «War is a situation that embodies the principle of duality: one side is pitted against another in an "an act of violence intended to compel an opponent to fulfill our will ." That will, whatever it may be, "has its root in a political object " that...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Militarism: The drive towards war between two groups. Pacifism and eschatological militarism . The history of pacifism . Examining an ideology in general. Considering pacifisms in terms of a foreign policy . The perspective of the just...»

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The Daode Jing: Manual for Cosmic Living

Document abstract : «The Daode Jing is a manual, attributed to Laozi, suggesting that non-action (wu-wei) is a way by which one may exist in accord with the cosmic principle of Dao and thus ensure a virtuous self and society. By cultivating the individual body, the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The principle of non action . Daode Jing as a socio political text. The progression from cultivated self to cultivated society . Practicing self improvement without the intention of working towards a sagely kingdom....»

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A Timeless Debate

Document abstract : «At a lecture given at our own Stony Brook University, Michael Ratner asserts that "Justice is losing its power" . What Michael Ratner, the defending lawyer for many prisoners being held at Guantanamo Bay, means by this daring statement is that...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Augustine's thoughts on free will. Augustine's 'ideal theory of punitive justice'. Immanuel Kant: Torture as an unacceptable form of punishment. Kant's idea of categorical imperative. Conclusion....»

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A Question of Filial Piety

Document abstract : «Should we publicly accuse our own parents of a crime, which will undoubtedly result in their punishment? This age old question has been debated for millennia throughout the world with varied and countless legitimate arguments swaying people's...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The main question: Is lying to save ones parents considered a form of serving them?. Confucius: Filial piety rules above all. Fathers that may not be worthy of receiving their son's support. Plato's assertion that to inflict wrong is a...»

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Ego Trips and Empathy Falls

Document abstract : «Although both drastically different in philosophy, Surrealism and Russian Futurism failed to endure, but in similar ways. Surrealism, as defined by Andre Breton, is grounded in past philosophies while Mayakovsky's Russian futurism floats somewhere...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Breton's distaste for people. Making an exception . People who read and admire the same works as him. Nadja's description of her parents as 'good people'. Mayakovsky's work. Including private and collective points of view. His...»

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My Apologies

Document abstract : «At first it seems daunting, attempting to fill four to six pages with insight pertaining to just one topic: apologies. However, as I reflect, I realize the true difficult task proves summing up the entire universe a single apology unlocks into a...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. A better writer and a better reader. Thomas Scheff's theories about an apology. Shame: The most frighteningly vulnerable sentiment . Apologizing and the multiple offenders. Conclusion....»

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God: Creator or Created?

Document abstract : «Ever since the Renaissance movement, when the question was finally free of its taboo status, there has been widespread and public debate among philosophers, theologians, and scientists as to the existence of God. With the exception of theologians,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The article in Time magazine: God in Our Genes. The famous twins study conducted by the University of Minnesota in 1971 . Conclusion....»

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Applying Richards' Relational Theory of Value to Animal Rights

Document abstract : «The debate concerning the rights of animals has mostly been confined to assertions of absolute moral value. Before Peter Singer, nearly all philosophers declared animals inherently devoid of rights on various grounds. Traditional religious...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The moral dispute over the rights of nonhuman animals. The arguments against the rights of animals . The arguments for factory farming . Conclusion. Works cited....»

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Is Cohen More "Jewish" Than Dylan - or vice versa? Why or Why Not?

Document abstract : «During the sixties, which came along with the Civil Rights movement, the diverse ethnic whites in the United States displayed an increase willingness to emphasize their distinct identity. Leonard Cohen and Robert Allen Zimmerman, alias Bob Dylan,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Bob Dylan: Invoking his Jewish roots in his music. Bob Dylan's many religious reversals . Bob Dylan's attempt to efface his Jewish origins. Conclusion....»

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Essays on Jewish Culture

Document abstract : «This paper includes two essays: -A Jewish-Christian Symbiosis: The Culture of Early Ashkenaz, Ivan G. Marcus : Ashkenazic Jews living in Northern and Eastern Europe differ from Sephardic Jews from Southern Europe in their respective...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Anti Jewish persecutions . The ambivalent behaviour characteristic of the process of the differentiation between Jews and Christians. Characterization of the Jews living in Ashkenaz land . The urban acculturation as the first...»

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Unger's Views on Skepticism and Certainty

Document abstract : «Peter Unger applies a unique approach to skepticism. In his essay, "An Argument for Skepticism", he endorses the concept by insisting that if one is not a skeptic, he/she must be (more or less) dogmatic. The way in which he supports this is by...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Unger's attempts to argue in favor of skepticism . Unger's argument: Treating certainty as a sort of dogmatic attitude. Conclusion....»

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Hilary Putnam on Realism and Relativism

Document abstract : «Perhaps one of the most widely and longest-held issues that have been debated in the study of philosophy, is that of the dispute over the way in which we as humans can accurately describe the external world with regards to our everyday lives. ...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Explaining Putnam's views on realism and relativism. Putnam differing from descriptive relativism. Putnam application his theory of relativism to every property. Humans going against their natural and most innate beliefs . Turning his...»

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Divine Flaws

Document abstract : «The question of whether gods are capable of being flawed has long preoccupied theologists and philosophers alike. The mythological deities of the ancient Greek pantheon possessed a myriad of humanistic attributes, including a wide range of notable...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Clear evidence that God feared the increasing power of ambitious men. God's vulnerability: Evident due to his fear of humans' worshipping a different deity. Tension in the assertion that God is vulnerable. Suggestions that God showed...»

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The Road to the Good Life?

Document abstract : «Today, when people use the word stoic, they often are not referring to the philosophical tradition, but to a type of person who does not show much outward emotion, someone who is strong in the face of tragedy or pain. However, in a culture in which...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The stoics believe that people should only concern themselves with things that are up to them. Seneca's leniency on the issue of relationships. A dangerous preoccupation with the self. Conclusion....»

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A Defense of the Capabilities Approach

Document abstract : «There is no country in the world where women are treated equally to men. Women are consistently fed less than men, given fewer educational opportunities, and fewer freedoms. Situations in developing countries are often more overtly detrimental to...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Nussbaum argument on an effective feminist. Nussbaum and other feminists. Nussbaum's view of the anti-Western critique . Devalue women's contributions and abilities. Nussbaum and relativism . The idea of relativism in todays...»

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Transcending the Fallacy of the Binary Through Ambivalence

Document abstract : «A thought process that appears to be common to all humans is that of setting up binaries. It is a tendency that exists across cultures and since "the beginning of time." This may be because it is easier to define what something is not than what it...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Bauman claims: 'The gift of God was, so to speak, the knowledge of ambivalence and the skill of living in this knowledge'. Equating the flesh of humanity with sin. The Divine and the anti-Divine. The poetic language of the entire...»

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Alatiel and Helen: War Caused by Beauty?

Document abstract : «Few storylines are more familiar than that of the woman so beautiful that men cannot resist her and will stop short of nothing, even murder or treachery, to possess her. The most famous of these women is of course, Helen, with "the face that...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The first evidence that Euripides' play is not going to follow the traditional account of Helen. Abrupt change in the story from its expected course. Euripides' Helen and the question of the relation of language to metaphor. The divine...»

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The Problematic Third Speech of the Phaedrus and Ficino's Neoplatonic Reinterpretation

Document abstract : «There has been much scholarly debate concerning the relative merit of the three speeches in Plato's Phaedrus; the third speech, in particular, is much contested. While the first two speeches are undeniably mired in self-contradiction and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The situating of the entire work in a numinous pastoral setting . Describing a focus on the transcendent. When intimacy is established . Love based purely on physical attraction or lust. A blatant sensualism. The description of how a...»

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How (if at all) do you know that you are not a brain in a vat?

Document abstract : «Our whole life (attitudes, reactions, actions) is based on knowledge. Depending on our present state of knowledge, we are going to react to different situations in different ways, give different answers to different questions. To do that however,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Defining the 'brain in a vat' hypothesis . The causal theory, developed by Goldman. The failure of the conditional and the causal theories of knowledge . Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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Swinging London - 1963-1967

Document abstract : «The Sixties are usually seen as a period of joy and optimism, especially in England, where they take place between two tougher periods of British history. The Fifties had indeed been quite difficult in the United Kingdom, socially and economically...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Presentation of the Swinging London culture. The importance of music. Other aspects of the mod lifestyle. A critical vision of Swinging London: Blow-Up, by Michaelo Antonioni. Conclusion. Bibliograph...»

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Does multiculturalism undermine the universal conceptions of justice?

Document abstract : «The Greek philosopher Plato believed that there was a parallel world: the world of Ideas . This world represented the true knowledge with the help of concepts, the Ideas. Each Idea corresponded to something that existed in the world that we...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Promoting egalitarianism. The liberal nationalist theory. The multiculturalism versus universal conceptions of justice debate. Kymlicka's solution. Diversity of cultures: Not necessarily a weakness. Cultural exchange due to increase in...»

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Does History "stop", "start", and "accelerate"?

Document abstract : «The fall of the Berlin wall symbolised the end of communism, and the victory of liberal democracy. The suddenness with which the soviet empire collapsed, without any resistance, authorised the idea that democracy was going to triumph all over the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The technical end of the twentieth century. Speculation on the new beginning with the end of the twentieth century. The structural evolutions that occurred between the Roman Empire and during the 1600's in Europe. The period between...»

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Life, death and politics : A run-down of the abortion debate

Document abstract : «Few issues have fostered such controversy as has the topic of abortion. The participants in the abortion debate not only have firmly-fixed beliefs, but each group has a self-designated appellation that clearly reflects what they believe to be the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Beginning of human life. Immorality of abortion. The religious aspect. Justifying abortion. Abortion and personal choice. Abortion and the constitution. Legal status of abortion. Conclusion....»

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