Innate and adaptive immunity

Type :

Presentation

Pages :

7 pages

Format :

.doc

Published date :

11/21/2008

Category :

Science & technology

Sub category :

Biology

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Summary :

Introduction.
Innate and adaptive compartments linked by dendritic cells.
Innate immunity and the skin immune system.
Monocytes and (Tissue) macrophages.
Granulocytes.
Natural killer cells.
Adaptive immunity and the skin immune system.
1. B Lymphocytes.
2. T Lymphocytes: The major cell population of acquired skin immune responses.
Conclusion.

Abstract

Immunology has roughly been split into two major subdivisions: cellular immunity, which comprises all different immunocompetent cells, and humoral immunity, a collection of all molecules involved in immune processes, such as cytokines, immunoglobulins, complement factors, and many others. Serum studies revealed the existence of various functional factors that were able to immobilize bacteria (immobilisins) or to precipitate bacterial components (precipitins). We now know that these factors are specific subsets of antibodies. Knowledge of both immune response-related cells and molecules expanded during many decades, and at the time immunology was recognized as a separate scientific entity, the subdivision into cellular and humoral immunity was generally accepted. One branch is innate or natural immunity, which encompasses a variety of natural defense mechanisms, exemplified by phagocytosis and intracellular killing of microorganisms. That mechanism is greatly enhanced by binding of specific antibodies to surface structures of these pathogens (opsonization). The other major branch is adaptive or acquired immunity that deals with specific immune responses in which specificity for antigens is represented by T-cell receptors (TCRs), B-cell receptors (BCRs), and immunoglobulins secreted by plasma cells.