Term papers, Essays and Case Studies in International Relations

How Convincing Are Neorealism & Neoliberal Institutionalism To Understand Environmental Cooperation?

Document abstract : «International cooperation is a radically different prospect with regard to positivist theories of international relations. According to each approach, states live in a specific international system, are motivated by diverse factors and possess...»

Synopsis abstract : «Abstract.. Introduction.. Necessity of environmental cooperation.. Samuelson's definition of 'public goods'.. When a global public good starts to be damaged or polluted.. The cross-border nature of the majority of environmental issues.. Realistic...»

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The general oil market and the American oil policy

Document abstract : «Since the Industrial Revolution, energy is an international concern: one fifth of international trade of goods is the supply in energy of the companies. At the beginning of the century, oil became the most important energy source. Today, oil...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The general oil market.. The actors of the oil market.. The oil consumption.. International exchanges.. Oil prices formation.. The United States oil policy.. Economic aspect.. The military dimension of the oil world security.. The...»

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The relations between Macedonia and Albania

Document abstract : «Macedonia has particular features in the Balkanic entanglement. On the one hand, we could say it is a "classical" Balkanic country, with all the negative connotations this adjective unfortunately implies: a post-Yugoslavian country, which encounters...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Diplomatic relations between the two countries: Towards regional integration and cooperation.. Linked by one of the major successes of the European Union.. Commonly involved in the major current Balkanic issue.. The Kosovo...»

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What are human rights and what place have discussions on human rights found in international relations?

Document abstract : «Though they may disagree on the importance of this phenomenon, most international experts now admit that there is a growing concern, both from states and from people, for Human Rights in international relations. Human Rights are often used to...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The almost non-existent place of Human Rights in International Relations from the birth of the discipline to 1985.. The ambiguous relations between international liberalism and Human Rights.. The fall of international liberalism, the...»

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What are the main milestones in the emergence of the Palestinian problem and the Arab-Israeli conflict?

Document abstract : «In January 2006, the Islamic militant group Hamas won the Palestinian Parliamentary elections, with 42.2% of the votes. The election in Palestine of a group that remains committed to an armed struggle, the destruction of Israel and retaliatory...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The Jews idea of returning to the land of the Bible and their forefathers.. Discrimination of Jews in Europe.. Jewish settlement in Ottoman territory.. The Balfour declaration.. The interwar period.. The British capture of...»

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International Organisation: The UN system

Document abstract : «Is global governance a chimera in a world of states, or is there as Keohane suggests, limited global governance in a partially globalized world, or is global governance an effective form of western hegemony? Is global governance a chimera in a world...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Non-state actor.. The international organizations and other intergovernmental organizations.. Non Governmental Organisations.. Transnational companies.. The processes of globalization and Keohane.. 'Globalization depends on effective...»

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The European North: Historical Geopolitics and International Institutional Dynamics

Document abstract : «A "brave political experiment" calling for "unconventional decisions" promoting sub-regional cooperation that ultimately might develop into "a common European social and economic space" : this is how the Russian Deputy Prime Minister, Viktor...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The European Union's Northern Dimension Initiative.. Concerns in the Nort European area.. The Environmental Partnership as an innovative venture.. The European Union's leading role in the environmental issues in the region.. The...»

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To what extent can we say Great Britain and the USA have a special relationship? What have the advantages and the disadvantages of the relationship been?

Document abstract : «Many signs in history show that the UK and the USA detain a privileged relation. As one of the first British colony to be liberated, the USA has always been related to Great Britain. These two countries share the same language, the same political...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. A special relationship in the diplomatic and military field.. The case of the nuclear cooperation: An illustration of a solid cooperation.. A special relationship between the elites and the politicians.. Churchill and...»

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The structure of the Terror locally and nationally

Document abstract : «The terror is often depicted as the most violent period of the French Revolution, and maybe of the French history. The terror is a regime set up by Robespierre and the Committee of public safety in the aftermath of the fall of the Girondins on the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Coming of public safety into power.. Victory of the Jacobins over the Girondins.. Dictatorship of the Committee of public safety.. Economic policy of the Committee.. Conclusion.. Bibliography.....»

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What are the main milestones in the emergence of the Palestinian problem and the Arab-Israeli conflict?

Document abstract : «"In a higher phase of communist society after labour has become not only a means of life but life's prime want only then can society inscribe on its banners: from each according to his ability to each according to his needs!" ('Critique...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The book Critique of the Gotha Programme.. Different stages of communism.. Evolution of the crude communist society.. Higher phase of communism.. Labor as a means of life and a prime want.. Enabling people to consume whatever they...»

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The evolution of the closer relationship between the United States and India

Document abstract : «Since its independence and the end of the cold war, India has evolved considerably. Nowadays, India's power is rising like its influence on the international scene and the emergence of India as a major Asian power is a matter of fact. Indeed, thanks...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The rise of India.. India and China: Ties between two Asian giants.. India-United States closer relationship.. India: A nuclear power sponsored by the United States.. India: An American ally to balance...»

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How to reform the UN security council and why?

Document abstract : «The Security Council is usually considered as the most important organ of the UNO. Primarily "responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security" , the Security Council has huge responsibilities and thus needs legitimacy to fulfill...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Why should we reform the UN Security Council?. Only one reform of the UN Security 1965.. The entrance of Germany and of Japan within the Security Council as permanent members.. What are the solutions proposed?. A long era of...»

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NGOs: Representing civil society at the WTO?

Document abstract : «In 1994, the Marrakech Agreement established the World Trade Organization (WTO), one of many suprastate institutions that were created all along the 20th century. The purpose of this organization is to regulate all trade activities between its...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The legal framework for participation.. Vagueness of Article V 2 of the Marrakech Agreement.. The guidelines for WTO-NGO interaction created two years later.. Active participation of NGOs in WTO activities: Is it not enough.. A call...»

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International organisations and sovereignty

Document abstract : «The French campaign for the referendum on the European Constitution has perfectly shown the fear of a loss of state sovereignty due to the European Union within the political elite as well as within the society. With the increase of international...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Sacrificing sovereignity with the creation of international organisation in relation to the European Union.. Increase in international organisations.. Meaning and understanding of sovereignity.. Sovereignty as political...»

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International relations, theory and practice: the Second Kashmir war

Document abstract : «I will deal in this essay with the Second Kashmir War, which was a war between India and Pakistan in 1965. We will see how we can interpret the causes and the origins of the war, and the way it was ended and solved. I chose to use two different...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The history of war in Kashmir.. The conflict between India and Pakistan.. The Indo-Pakistani war of 1965.. The end of the first war for Kashmir.. The origins of the Indo-Pakistani conflict.. Reasons that lead to the second war for...»

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The role of the European Union in the democratisation of Central and Eastern Europe

Document abstract : «In the concept of « consolidation of democracy », two aspects can lead to misunderstanding. Firstly, one can interrogate on the direction towards which such a consolidation is supposed to tend, as the word « consolidation » implies that democracy...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The concept of 'consolidation of democracy'.. The qualitative and quantitative aspects of democracy.. The consolidation of democracy, a question of democratic survival?. The proposition by Andreas Schedler.. Appropriate criteria for a...»

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How do the Federal Republic of Germany, Fifth Republic France and post-war Italy fulfil the criteria of Lijphart's 'majoritarian' and 'consensus' models of democracies?

Document abstract : «This essay will attempt to analyse the Federal Republic of Germany, Fifth Republic France and post-war Italy thanks to Lijphart's work Democracy (1984). Lijphart classifies the 'majoritarian' model (or 'Westminster model') and the 'consensual...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. A single party in a majoritarian democracy.. The situation in Germany.. The drafters of the Fifth Republic constitution.. France and an asymmetrical bicameralism legislature.. Majoritarian democracies.. The French electoral...»

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In spite of its record of failure the EU continues to try to develop a common foreign policy. Why?

Document abstract : «The European Union is often described as an "economical giant but political pigmy" . The Union is indeed the first commercial power in the world, but its political representation on the global stage is weak. From many points of view, the former...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Creation of European defence community and the concept of a common foreign policy.. Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). . Political background of member states.. Reasons for which EU needs a common policy.. To guarantee peace...»

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The EU Foreign Policy - Myth or Reality?

Document abstract : «European Union (EU) critics are a very heterogenic group. Amongst them, there are people who think that this organization has too many responsibilities. Sometimes this disapproval is summarized in only one word: 'Brussels', the city where several...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The historical background of CFSP and CSDP.. The failure of the EDC and the 'Fouchet Plans'.. The European Political Cooperation.. The Common Foreign and Security Policy.. The institutional framework of CFSP and CSDP.. Introductory...»

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The Trans-Afghan pipeline project: History, stakes and perspectives

Document abstract : «World competition around the natural resources of Central Asia and the Caspian is not new, but the collapse of the Soviet empire has revived it. This region, believed to possess huge oil and gas reserves, is also a point of contact of different...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Turkmenistan's inaccessible wealth.. Turkmen gas and Russian pipelines.. Alternative projects.. War and peace in Afghanistan.. Post-Taliban Afghanistan and the revival of the project.. Winners and losers.. Other obstacles on the way...»

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Why has there been no reform of the UN?

Document abstract : «"Reform is the purposeful act of modifying the structure, composition, decision-making procedures, working methods, funding or staffing of an institution in order to enhance its efficiency and/or effectiveness in advancing its core goals and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The obstacles the UN System has to overcome is its complexity. . Manpower and bureaucracy.. Cutting financial wastes and improving efficiency of the system.. The UN Charter.. The veto.. The scope of a political power. Conclusion:...»

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Are there 'just wars'?

Document abstract : «The notion of 'just war' can be considered as a moral philosophy of the War debating the legitimacy of wars and the way wars are made. The existence of just wars thus supposes that violence can be ethical. However, it has to be underlined that even...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The Just War Theory, a secular idea aiming at morally legitimizing wars.. The classical definition of a Just War.. The evolutions of the Just War Theory from Antiquity to the 17th century.. A redefinition of the theory considering the...»

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Decision Making: Will the US Attack Iran?

Document abstract : «Iran has always been a major concern in United States foreign policy. With almost seventy million inhabitants, three times the population of Iraq, the former Persia is a key actor in the Middle East. The diplomatic relations between America and Iran...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) report of Febuary 2006.. The Neoconservatives: 'The World Must Be Firm'.. A cautious intelligence community.. The growing influence of Condoleezza Rice.. The weakened presidenc...»

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The United States and Latin America in the 21st century: Recommendations for a sound and sustainable foreign policy

Document abstract : «Traditionally, the relationship between the United States and Latin America has been marked by periods of ups and downs, and often indifference. Over the past decade, the latter has largely settled in. However, in view of the region's increased...»

Synopsis abstract : «Executive summary.. Historical perspective.. Key current issues and developments.. The rise of populism.. Trade.. Security.. Economics hardships and energy resources.. Priorities for a new U.S-Latin America policy.. Encourage the building of stable...»

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Delusions of Soviet power and the American military-industrial complex

Document abstract : «The Cold War period for the United States and indeed, the world was one of turbulence and uncertainty. The conclusion of World War II saw the clash of two major world powers, each replete with the awesome capability of nuclear weapons. For the first...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The Cold War period for the United States.. Soviet Union versus the United States.. The culture that harbored anti-communism and a deep seeded fear of not only Soviet military dominance.. United States - well suited during the Cold...»

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The Baghdad crucible

Document abstract : «What is going on in Iraq since the 2003 invasion and, by extension, since long before during Operation Desert Storm is in many ways a paradigm-an ever-evolving view into a society that has, for internal and external reasons, become one of the most...»

Synopsis abstract : «Credence.. Iraq since the 2003 invasion.. What we can learn from what is going on in Baghdad.. The theme at hand.. Baghdad Diaries.. Al-Radi - tracing the history of Iraq.. Where Al-Radi falls short.. Baghdad Diaries - inclusive view of the...»

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The effect of USSR on Cuba

Document abstract : «The second half of the 20th century saw a great deal of USSR involvement in Cuba economically, politically, and militarily. The USSR contributed large amounts of money, weapons, subsidized goods, and other aid to the Cuban government lead by Fidel...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The question of USSR's involvement in Cuba after the Cuban revolution of 1959.. Soviet involvement and the necessary Marxist-Leninist doctrine.. Contradictions and paradox.. Castro's decision to create a socialist state based on...»

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Were Bulgaria & Romania ready to join the EU? A discussion on the EU membership of Bulgaria and Romania in 2007

Document abstract : «In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania joined the European Union. Bearing completely different economic and socio-political features than most of the older EU members, particularly their Western partners, Bulgaria and Romania are the poorest among the EU-27...»

Synopsis abstract : «Abstract.. Introduction.. The transition to free trade.. Bulgaria, Romania: the evolution of their economies (1997-2003).. Comparison to Central & Eastern European entrants (2003-2005).. Observations for Bulgaria (2005).. Bulgaria, Romania and...»

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Critically analyse the decision in the House of Lords' decision in the American Accord

Document abstract : «The globalisation of trade brings with it greater risks than internal trade, with the differences in business practices, application of local law, combined with external political factors . The four main risks applicable when dealing with global...»

Synopsis abstract : «Abstract.. Introduction.. Problems with the doctrine of strict compliance.. The facts.. Court of appeal hearing.. Conclusion.....»

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U.S. immigration policy: Cuba vs. Haiti

Document abstract : «United States immigration policy towards Haitian and Cuban immigrants is often discussed for its discrepancies. Historically, both countries have experienced political and economic instability that have inevitably led to massive out migration, a...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Hati.. History of exploitation, instability, and dictatorship.. Waves of haitian migration.. U.S. immigration policies toward Haitian immigrants post 1980.. Cuba.. History of exploitation and revolution.. Characteristics of Cuban...»

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The U.S. intelligence system post 9/11

Document abstract : «September 11, 2001 marked a turning point in American history. The terrorist attacks which transpired that day brought the country into a struggle against a foreign enemy that had no boundaries or limits. The U.S. population was outraged and felt...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Terrorism: Its characteristics and motives. Is it preventable?. The intelligence process and it's setbacks.. The American Intelligence System pre-9/11& its failure to prevent the terrorist attacks.. The 9/11 Commission and the...»

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The Melting Pot

Document abstract : «America is country proud to call itself a melting pot of different people, cultures, and languages. With the exception of Native Americans, who lived off the land for thousands of years before the discovery of "the new world," every one in the U.S....»

Synopsis abstract : «The 2000 U.S. census report.. Samuel P. Huntington.. The persistent inflow of Hispanic immigrants.. Ester's story.. Mexican families living in the U.S.. Concern over U.S. culture, economics and politics.....»

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The impact of nazism, if any, on German foreign policy in the period 1933-39

Document abstract : «Although it is never only one country that is fully responsible for the outbreak of a war, it can be agreed that the pre-war expansionist foreign policy of Germany was the triggering act behind the start of the Second World War. Therefore it is...»

Synopsis abstract : «Nazism - officially National Socialism.. The idea of ‘Lebensraum'.. Different approaches to this aspect of Nazi ideology. . Hitler demonstrated anti-Bolshevism.. Anti-Semitism - influenced German foreign policy.. The originality of the basic...»

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Does the origins of the Cold War lie in the politics of the Second World War?

Document abstract : «Although the first half of the twentieth century had been more hectic because of the frequent battles of the opposing powers in the two world wars, the second half of the century, the decades of the Cold War can be characterised as more tense...»

Synopsis abstract : «The most important conflict of the two superpowers during WWII.. The two superpowers had financial disagreements.. The cancellation of the Lend-Lease Agreement.. The other conflict between USA and USSR.. Circumstances other than direct conflicts and...»

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Does collapse of the state, genocide or ethnic cleansing justify intervention?

Document abstract : «Although the dilemma of intervention is not new, it emerged as a main topic of debate after the Cold War. The dilemma is whether to intervene in countries where gross human rights violations occur or to respect the sovereignty of the states. Even...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction - a theoretical debate.. The debate concerning intervention.. State collapse and ethnic cleansing.. Western powers and the UN were concerned about the safety of their own forces. . The genocide in Rwanda could have been stopped earlier...»

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Amnesty International: An "Indie" Organization

Document abstract : «"Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person," states the third article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted this declaration in 1948. The members of the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Whether or not Amnesty International can be charged with bias.. Amnesty International began as a volunteer movement of the 1960s.. It is Amnesty International's goal to remain unbiased and neutral on political issues.. Amnesty International's...»

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Wars have their ultimate roots in the nature of human beings. Do you agree?

Document abstract : «The continuing importance of wars in international relations poses the question, where wars actually originate. Are they the inventions of the states , mere accidents of history or as indicated, they are ultimately rooted in human nature. In this...»

Synopsis abstract : «Analyzing human nature is a central issue of scientific debate of several academic disciplines.. Another realist author who finds the roots of war in human nature is Morgenthau.. A brief examination of the different reasons of war in human...»

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Are economic sanctions a moral alternative to force?

Document abstract : «Having witnessed so many wars in history, it would seem an obvious answer that any other solution than force should be welcomed for resolving conflicts in international politics. Economic sanctions, as means of economic statecraft has frequently...»

Synopsis abstract : «The concept of economic sanctions.. It is all history.. Can sanctions be moral?. Sanctions or/and War?. Smart Sanctions?. Iraq: a case study.. Immoral means to end immorality?. Can politics be moral?. Conclusion.....»

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Examining issues of credible commitment from third parties in the Middle East and Aceh, Indonesia

Document abstract : «There are universal aims for international intervention in conflict resolution that should be used as a guide by all third parties. Kimberly Maynard mentions some of these aims in her book, Healing Communities in Conflict: International Assistance...»

Synopsis abstract : «A trademark of ethnic conflict and the basis of the security dilemma.. The conflict in Aceh, Indonesia stems from economic exploitation. . The first move of the AMM was decommissioning weapons used by the GAM by January 2006.. Real progress has been...»

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Kosovo in the International Arena

Document abstract : «Kosovo is located in the southern province of the Republic of Serbia in Western Balkans (see Appendix One). The administrative capital is Pristina and the province is separated into thirty municipalities. Kosovo's last official census in 1991...»

Synopsis abstract : «The nature of the state contested involves disputes between the two main ethnic groups.. From the lens of the stakeholders.. The security and safety of the Kosovo Serbs - also a major concern.. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) began air...»

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Critically Examination of US policy toward the Middle East in the twentieth century

Document abstract : «Throughout the course of its history, the United States has utilized its foreign policy objectives for the purposes of pursuing its own needs. Although the United States has, in rare instances, pursued foreign policy objectives for the purposes of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Post-Cold War Policies in the Middle East. The Case of Saudi Arabia. The Case of Afghanistan. The Case of Iraq. Impact of US Foreign Policy. Conclusion....»

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Examining how reducing America's presence in the international community could benefit the process of globalization and the domestic development of the United States

Document abstract : «The process of globalization is one that has carried with it a high price for the United States. While the US has been able to extend its overall reach into the international community, not all countries in the international community have been...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The United States in the International Community. Although the creation of an empire though imperialist ideologies may not seem like a negative situation overall, the reality is that the actions that the United States has taken to...»

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Analysis of the U.S and foreign media of the abu ghraib scandal

Document abstract : «In April of 2004, shocking pictures from the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq began to surface in the American media. The pictures depicted members of the 372nd Military Police Company engaged in acts of torture against Iraqi prisoners. Although...»

Synopsis abstract : «Media Issue and Background Summary. Content Analysis. Content Analysis of the American Media. Chicago Tribune, October 21, 2004, Alex Rodriguez. Foreign Media Outlets. Islam Online, July 21, 2004, no author. Aljazeera.Net, July 28, 2004, no...»

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The role of social identity in shaping clearly defined identities for Palestinians and Israelis

Document abstract : «Introduction The Second Intifada (also known as the Al Aqsa Intifada) which took place between Palestine and Israel between 2000 and 2004 marks the end of the Intifada movement in this region. While the events leading up to the Intifada provide a...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Social Identity Theory. Level of Self . Social Identities. Social Identity Theory. The Al Aqsa Intifada. Although the above account of the events leading up to the onset of the Al Aqsa Intifada provide only a rudimentary overview of...»

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The Political and Economic Policies of Russia and China

Document abstract : «Introduction At the end of World War II, the international community became notably divided upon political and economic lines. While many countries in the West chose a capitalist democracy many in the East had chosen communism/Marxism as the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. China and Russia before the Fall of Communism. Economic Transformation after the fall of Communism. Russia's Economic Model. China's Economic Model. Comparing China and Russia. Conclusion....»

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SAARC and the Environment

Document abstract : «The Indian Subcontinent, though mired in poverty and overpopulation, contains one of the world's richest natural resource bases. As political and economic forces push the region to development, the future of the South Asian environment remains...»

Synopsis abstract : «The organization was established through the SAARC Charter.. Development Goals and Sustainability.. SAARC also frames its environmental policies.. Organizational Structure.. Accelerating Agreements.. Setting Formal Targets.. Subregionalism and...»

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US Ratification of UNCRC

Document abstract : «You and all the Americans who voted for you were once children. Keep this simple fact in mind as you read this memo, because as adults, we sometimes forget the uniquely vulnerable role of children in society. This was certainly the spirit of...»

Synopsis abstract : «President Bush.. Conservative Critiques of the CRC.. There are only a few articles that refer to restrictions on parental action.. Rights in (Apparent) Conflict.. The Chimera of Sovereignty and Security.. gathering Information, Measuring...»

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On Our Own: American Identity and the New Crisis of Independence

Document abstract : «In this analysis, I use government documents, presidential statements, and opinion polls to chart how American goals of independence moved in and out of different contexts, and the ways this movement reflected structural as well as domestic...»

Synopsis abstract : «For a nation to be independent, it must abjure dependence from someone or something. . Part I: Independence in the Past.. Self-evident truths.. A new doctrine.. Messages of independence.. Part II: Independence in the Present.. Global...»

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The Urban Organic: Ecocities in Global Perspective

Document abstract : «At every turn, the global city is faced with a set of challenges. How to compete cooperatively, how to expand stably, how to modernize peacefully-these and other contradictions check the unbridled enthusiasm of neoliberal planners, who have...»

Synopsis abstract : «Modernity.. The town counsellor of the French city of Bordeaux outlines her plan that gives priority to social activity.. For people living within that ghost town, urban circumstances sometimes give rise to a problematic strain of ahistorical...»

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Human Trafficking

Document abstract : «Approximately 800,000 men, women, and children are smuggled across international borders daily. These numbers do not even include labor and sexual exploitation, and internally displaced persons within each state. Those smuggled have different...»

Synopsis abstract : «Definition of human trafficking.. The multi-dimensional threats posed by human trafficking to states and individuals.. The Department of Peacekeeping Operations.. Reform Strategies.. Obstacles and hurdles.....»

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The Black And White Revolution

Document abstract : «"My heart is with our village people, and as I think of their future I believe I see a magnificent vista lying ahead." Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Mission For My Country (1960) In the twenty years leading up to Islamic Revolution, the landscape of Iran...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Meanings and methods of land reform in iran. Histories and theories of the land reform. Biography of a propagandist. Authenticating reform. The red specter. The black shadow. Landowners great and small. Oil and international...»

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When a Nation Misbehaves A Look as U.S./Iranian Relations

Document abstract : «Political philosophers have been offering different ideologies regarding human nature and the development of governments for thousands of years. Some have claimed that humans are naturally good and compassionate whereas others have argued their...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Chomsky statement about Iran becoming 'evil'. The truth . Why the strong relationship between the U.S. and Iran fell through. Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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The History of Abolition: A Global Interplay of Events

Document abstract : «Historical phenomena such as the abolition of slavery cannot be explained by isolating them from the larger global context that created the conditions for their existence. In his chapter titled Whose Abolition? Popular Pressure and the Ending of the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Exposing the roots of the 19th century European context. The debate regarding Britain's reasons for abolishing slavery. The Arab world: No stranger to the concept of slavery. Abolitionist movements in European states. The Arab world:...»

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Conflict in West Africa: The cases of Sierra Leone and Liberia

Document abstract : «Overview After the Cold War the majority of wars in Africa were "societal" while conflict between states was considerably rare. The inter-state wars were further prolonged and worsened by foreign support. Military assistance on part of Western...»

Synopsis abstract : «Overview. Conflict trends in West Africa. The roots of conflicts. Case study: Sierra Leone. Conflict background. The Abidjan process (1995-1996). ECOMOG. The Lome agreement. What Went Wrong?. Case Study: Liberia. Conflict background. The peace...»

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Globalization and its effect on Western Civilization

Document abstract : «Western Civilization has been shaped by the many people and events that have witnessed its transformation from the dawn of the early modern period in 1500 up to the present day. The present word view has been formed by many events including the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The Renaissance: A 'rebirth' of culture . Major causes of the Renaissance . The Industrial Revolution . Major technological inventions . The transportation system . Germany and the rest of Europe . Globalization as defined by Merriam...»

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How does the "English School" of international relations differ from American approaches?

Document abstract : «According to Stephen Hawking in A Brief History of Time, "a theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements: It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model which contains only a few arbitrary elements,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Steven Hawking: A Brief History of Time. The English School's pluralistic, multi disciplinary intuitive approach. The intellectual frustration characterizing the English School and American School debate. Conclusion. Works cited....»

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The case of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon

Document abstract : «Refugee situations across the world have been characterized by three different outcomes: return to the country of origin, assimilation in the host country or resettlement into a third country. All of the above have proven unrealistic options for...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The political, economic and social dilemma facing the Palestinian refugees. The demographical challenges. Palestinian refugees in Lebanon. The idea of permanent settlement. The housing situation in the refugee camps. Israel's official...»

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The nature of the Israeli/Palestinian Conflict: Distinguishing Myth from Reality

Document abstract : «Historical narratives are often times fragile and subject to "mythification". Especially vulnerable are the ones in which interests between two groups collide, violent disputes are common and the nature of the conflict is highly complex and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Dowty's multi dimensional analysis. The role of powers relations in giving the Israeli Palestinian conflict a context. The Sykes-Picot Agreement and the McMahon Letter. The colonialist dimension to the conflict. The Ottoman Empire's...»

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The CCR5-Delta 32 Genetic Mutation and Human Evolution

Document abstract : «Genetic mutations are not uncommon. They can happen for a variety of reasons and have a variety of effects. Those with negative effects are weeded out by natural selection, and those with positive effects prevail and are accumulated due to natural...»

Synopsis abstract : «Genetic mutations. CCR5-Delta32 mutation and argument in the scientific community. Other possibilities for such mutation. CCR5 and HIV. Controversy over CCR5-Delta32. Conclusion. Works cited....»

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International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

Document abstract : «This year, December 10, 2007 is a day of many important deadlines. Not only is it the day the independence of Kosovo is said to be decided, but it is also the date by which the handover of Ratko Mladic to the ICTY is supposed to occur. Both of...»

Synopsis abstract : «The ICTY. Precedent presented by ICTY for international relations. Other problems with ICTY. Support for ICTY. Republican Liberalist view. Costs. The lack of power exhibited by the ICTY. Failures of the ICTY. Effectiveness. Works cited....»

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American Foreign Policy Regarding Israel and Palestine: From 1998-2002

Document abstract : «Since the founding of Israel, over 50 years ago, America has taken the fledgling country under its wing . The sympathy of the American people towards Israel has wavered little despite the ups-and-downs Israel has been through in its short history ....»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. A distinctly pro-Israeli flavor in the American foreign policy . The Way River summit . Clinton's pro Palestine move. The American neutrality approach and negotiations . The Bush administration and politics in the Middle East...»

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A Just Cause

Document abstract : «As Michael Walzer frequently states, "war is hell"; however, that has not stopped people from engaging in it for thousands of years. There are a variety of reasons nations have entered war, among them are: territorial expansion, the spread of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Walzer's view on intervening in another nation's practices or problems. Walzer's exceptions to this general prohibition of intervention. Overriding the non-intervention principle and the case of humanitarian crises. His attempt to...»

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Is the United Nations an effective organisation?

Document abstract : «The United Nations is not the first international organisation to be established to help settle conflict peacefully and to prevent future conflicts from arising. In 1899, the Hague Convention for the Settlement of International Disputes was...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Another way of looking at the effectiveness of the United Nations. The formation of the Security Council . Reasons why the United Nations seems to be losing legitimacy . United States apparent manipulation of the United Nations . Its...»

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African Traditional Healing in Today's World

Document abstract : «With the advent of postmodern theory in the mid-to-late twentieth century, Western thought has come to realize the need for a more complete view of human knowledge and being, one that does not fall prey to the modernist Enlightenment fascination...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Western medicine and traditional healing. Traditional healing. Traditional healing and globalization. Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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Kenneth Waltz's on nuclear weapons

Document abstract : «Do you agree with Waltz's recommendation to spread nuclear weapons? On Sunday, April 9, 2006, the Washington Post announced that "the Bush administration is studying options for military strikes against Iran as part of a broader strategy of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Waltz's recommendation to spread nuclear weapons. Basis of Waltz's thesis . Effect of nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons and regional instability. Organizational approach and its challenges. Conclusio...»

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The United States and international religious freedom

Document abstract : «In 1998, the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) created both the International Religious Freedom Office in the Department of State and the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF). Since this date, a report has been...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Examining the concept of religious freedom. The religious expression in the world's societies . A unilateralist policy . Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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Is the environment an international security issue?

Document abstract : «The last half of the 20th Century has been exclusively dominated by the Cold war conflict. There was little space in the analysis of the scholars in International relations for other minor issues of "low politics", while the questions of the nuclear...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The origin of the word 'Environment'. Defining security. Environment as a threat to international security. Ecological problems . The impact the environment . Environmental refugees . Increasing the gap between developed countries and...»

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What explains the disintegration of Yugoslavia?

Document abstract : «The Second Yugoslavia created in 1943, under the name of Democratic Federation of Yugoslavia, was a federal state consisting of six republics -Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia- and two autonomous provinces -...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The second Yugoslavia: A mosaic of ethnic groups. Diversity of the traditions and cultures of the Yugoslav nations and the failure to constitute a Yugoslav culture. The unity of Yugoslavia . The death of Tito . Economic problems after...»

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Psychological approaches to International Politics. The case of Cyprus

Document abstract : «Located at a strategic position in the eastern Mediterranean sea, Cyprus, in the course of its history has frequently switched hands in-between powers which maintained an interest in the region. The list of its successive rulers includes the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Psychological causes of conflict. Suitable targets of externalisation. Misperceptions of intentions. Psycho-cultural interpretations. Social identity theory. Incompatible beliefs. Non psychological explanations of the conflict. Closing...»

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The US and Guantanamo Bay

Document abstract : «In 1898, the United States intervened in the Caribbean and Pacific to fight against Spanish imperialism. In the aftermath of the Spanish-American War, the United States occupied Cuba from January 1899 to May 1902. On February 25, 1901, Senator...»

Synopsis abstract : «Issue background: Guantanamo and the United States since 1898. The Platt Amendment . The revolution in 1959. The post 9/11 world: A new dimension to the Guantanamo issue. Courses of action. Reaching an agreement with the Castro government on this...»

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The case of the Czech republic and the Slovak republic

Document abstract : «The Czech and the Slovak nations had a similar history for more than a century, and the attempt to coexist in just one common state definitely failed in autumn 1992, when the Czech Prime Minister Václav Klaus and the leader of the main Slovak party...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Political systems: Parties and their main ideas. The case of the czech republic . The case of the slovak republic. Party positiong regarding the eu and its further enlargment . The case of the Czech Republic . The case of the Slovak...»

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Is NATO still relevant ?

Document abstract : «General De Gaulle once said that all alliances are like roses: they wither and decay. NATO might be a counter-example or it might not. While during the Munich Conference, the US Deputy Secretary of Defense, Paul Wolfowitz, claimed "As an alliance we...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. General framework around NATO's controversy. The military alliance . Prevention of the USSR and Communism from spreading over Europe. The arguments of NATO's advocates . The increasing irrelevance of NATO...»

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Can we have a world government?

Document abstract : «To answer the question "Can we have world government", we must understand two questions: one is "What would be the use and necessity of a world government"; the other one is "In what extent would it be possible?" "A government is a system, form or...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The need of a system that would dominate all the people of the world. The proposition by Kant in 'Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View'. The idea of a world citizenship. Objections to the world government. On...»

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Is there a 'responsibility to protect'? Is the UN capable of protecting the victims of internal conflicts?

Document abstract : «Civil wars are, today, since the end of the Cold War, the dominant form of conflicts all around the world. For instance, as Stephen John Stedman explains, 'all thirty-five of the wars in 1997 were primarily internal' . Massive violence, destruction...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The UN: An international organization whose first purpose is to promote global peace. The arguments in favour of humanitarian intervention. Humanitarian intervention. The legal basis for humanitarian intervention and the charter of the...»

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Is the United Nations running the same risk as its predecessor the League of Nations of being made marginal or even irrelevant? Why or why not?

Document abstract : «'The League is dead, long live the United Nations!' This is with these words that Lord Robert Cecil, one of the architects of the League of Nations, commented on the dissolution of the organization, in the spring 1946, expressing the apparent...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The League of Nations. It's creation. The League inefficiency and the large range of difficulties it faced. September 1931: Japanese attack on Manchuria. 1934: The case of Ethiopia. The setting up of the UN. The differences between the...»

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Why has the UN Charter remained a central plank of international order, even though it was formulated in wartime by only a few of the victorious powers?

Document abstract : «'If we had had this Charter a few years ago-and above all, the will to use it- millions now dead would be alive. If we should falter in the future in our will to use it, millions now living will surely die.' (Truman) This quotation shows the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The charter of the United Nations. It's evolution. The only intergovernmental international organization. The Charter and its realistic grasp of the mechanics of world affairs. The reforms proposed by Kofi...»

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Is each age blessed or doomed with the presence of an empire?

Document abstract : «"Veni, vidi, vici"[I came, I saw, I conquered] Julius Caesar. This quote from one of the most famous Roman generals reflects the principle of a major phenomenon in international relations: empires, a phenomenon which dates back as far as 2334...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The Pre modern Empires. Empires founded on military force. The values of empires. New sort of Empire. The American Declaration of Independence. The native population and their religion. The ambiguity about the US. The declared aim of...»

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Is capitalism a positive or negative force in International Relations?

Document abstract : «In 1995, the 200 most powerful multi-national corporations controlled approximately one third of the world GNP The turnover of these companies sometimes exceeds the GNP of some countries: one example is General Motors which with a turnover of 132...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Definition of capitalism. Supporters of capitalist ideology. Defending the capacity to enhance progress and development. Tthe implantation of industries in third world countries. Marx and his criticism of capitalism. Third world...»

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Iran's nuclear program

Document abstract : «As diplomats from the 190 signatory countries gather in New York this week for the five-yearly review of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Iran will surely be present in many minds. Although some warning signs had been issued by various...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The Iranian nuclear programme and the questions it raises. Explanations on why states acquire nuclear . Challenges and threats to security. The debate on the real necessity for Iran to hold nuclear weapons. The main argument put...»

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Landmines in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Document abstract : «The conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina began shortly after the republic declared its independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in March 1992 and lasted nearly four years. A cease-fire was called in September 1995. A...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The three distinct armies. Bosnian government army (ARBiH). The Bosnian Croat army (HVO) . The Bosnian Serb army (VRS). The human impact . Impact of mines on living standards . Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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Does Realism still provide a convincing analysis of international relationships ?

Document abstract : «Realism arose as a theory after World War II because of the perceived failure of a world guided by Liberal Internationalist principles. The tension fraught era of the Cold War were ideal conditions for the stark, suspicious pragmaticism espoused by...»

Synopsis abstract : «The primary foundation stone in all Realist thought is that human nature is essentially bad . When Realism tries to isolate the realm of politics from those of law or morals – it is an artificial and forced separation // The Realist denial of...»

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What is human security?

Document abstract : «The end of Cold War brought new global challenges to the security field. The arousal of new forms of conflict, such as internal wars and terrorism made it important to rethink civilian protection as the centre of this new perspective of security....»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Human security: A difficult definition. The infinite number of definitions of human security. Human security and human rights. Human security and human development. A parallel between Sen's trident and the three human concerns...»

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"When you look back at the role that Washington has played between the Arabs and the Israelis, it is clear that the United States could end the Arab-Israeli conflict tomorrow, if it so desired"

Document abstract : «The picture taken at the Washington summit right after the Madrid conference just says it all: Rabin and Arafat, the representatives of the two most antagonistic peoples in the modern world, shake hands under Clinton's blessing. Thus it may seem...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The United States: The third variable in the Arab-Israeli conflict. American inconsistencies in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Conflicts originating from the internal factors. Conclusion. References....»

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'Washington bears a considerable amount of the responsibility for the radicalism of the Iranian Revolution and the resultant deterioration in US-Iranian relations'

Document abstract : «'When examining the policies that the United States conducted toward Iran from 1945 to 1979, one cannot help but realize that Washington bears a considerable amount of the responsibility for the radicalism of the Iranian Revolution and the resultant...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Iran's expectations on the United States . Iran as a geostrategic concern to the United States . Conclusion....»

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Hedley Bull's The Anarchical Society. London, Macmillan, 1977

Document abstract : «Bull's The Anarchical Society is a ground-breaking book that proposes novel, powerful concepts for reading today's world order as well as the order that prevailed in the world in 1977. Today more than ever, we need the idea of international society,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. International society as the idea-force. Bull: Realist or Universalist - A discussion. Fitting of anarchy . First critique: A link between international system and international society. Second critique: The importance of...»

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