«A study of the Soviet press' portrayal of the Geneva conference and the Western powers provides an insight into the role of the press in shaping public opinion for the state and against the West. Furthermore, the image of Soviet-American relations...» Summary abstract
«Although realism, as a discipline in International Relations has only been around since the Second World War, it has a tradition that can be traced back to the time of the ancient Greeks. The fact that realism still provides a viable, though...» Summary abstract
«The end of the Cold War marked a turning point in international politics and in the way in which political scientists defined world conflicts. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the United States became the sole hegemonic power. Academics rushed to...» Summary abstract
«The Jeffersonian idea that liberty and equality would be best achieved by everyman pursuing his own interest and a federal government with greatly constrained powers is often seen as America's traditional political philosophy. During the 20th...» Summary abstract
«With the rising number of television sets in American households post World War II, came hope that this unprecedented tool of mass media would bridge the socioeconomic, racial, and cultural divides splintering the county. However, since television's...» Summary abstract
«Although in the contemporary world of globalization, international organizations and institutions blur boundaries between nations and the existence of state sovereignty is frequently questioned, these concepts can still be regarded as points of...» Summary abstract
«Over the course of the last two centuries, the United States has established itself as an economic, political and military leader in the international community. Although it is quite evident that the US has been the dominant world power throughout...» Summary abstract
«When President Bush instigated a preemptive strike against the country of Iraq, voices of protests erupted from all sides of the globe. A preemptive strike against a sovereign nation had never been undertaken since the inception of the United...» Summary abstract
«Following the terror attacks of September 11, 2001 which left American devastated, United States of America President declared that these actions needed to be viewed as an act of war. This concept of an attack on American soil was, prior to...» Summary abstract
«Through the process of critical oral history, Robert McNamara has re-evaluated his experience as the Secretary of Defense under the Kennedy and Johnson presidencies. Filmmaker Errol Morris shaped his documentary The Fog of War around eleven lessons...» Summary abstract
«Globalization has affected the political world system. Power relations amongst states have been altered due to a number of social, economic and political developments. "Contemporary globalization is associated with a transformation of state power as...» Summary abstract
«"We have our own dream and our own task. We are with Europe, but not of it. We are linked, but not combined. We are interested and associated, but not absorbed."
Winston Churchill's famous quote aptly describes Britain's approach to European...» Summary abstract
«Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11 in 2001, Islamism is perceived as the major international threat of our time. The subject is broadly under studies, in universities as well as in the media, which often provide a biased vision of the phenomenon....» Summary abstract
«The Pope, as a spiritual and temporal leader, wields a double sovereignty: over the City of the Vatican as Head of State, and over the Holy See (or Apostolic See) as Head of the Roman Catholic Church. This fundamental distinction, "perennialized" by...» Summary abstract
«International Politics are based upon two main theories, Realism and Liberalism, which are
conventionally opposed, and therefore give two different interpretations of world politics. This essay will focus on the stances of these theories upon the...» Summary abstract
«Throughout his works J. Habermas has articulated a universalist vision of political life, studying the possibilities of a renewal of democracy in a globalized political environment. With The Postnational Constellation, Habermas focused on the moral...» Summary abstract
«After WWII, various multilateral organizations have been promoted by the US and implemented through many international organizations such as the UN, the GATT and the IMF. Overtime, multilateral co-operation dramatically developed in different forms...» Summary abstract
«Political theorists have debated for centuries the responsibility of countries to protect the victims of humanitarian crises. Sine the earliest days of international law, Grotius, Kant and Vattel have attempted to strike a balance between realist...» Summary abstract
«Traditionally, the relationship between the United States and Latin America has been marked by periods of ups and downs, and often indifference. Over the past decade, the latter has largely settled in. However, in view of the region's increased...» Summary abstract
«The Cold War period for the United States and indeed, the world was one of turbulence and uncertainty. The conclusion of World War II saw the clash of two major world powers, each replete with the awesome capability of nuclear weapons. For the first...» Summary abstract
«What is going on in Iraq since the 2003 invasion and, by extension, since long before during Operation Desert Storm is in many ways a paradigm-an ever-evolving view into a society that has, for internal and external reasons, become one of the most...» Summary abstract
«The second half of the 20th century saw a great deal of USSR involvement in Cuba economically, politically, and militarily. The USSR contributed large amounts of money, weapons, subsidized goods, and other aid to the Cuban government lead by Fidel...» Summary abstract
«In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania joined the European Union. Bearing completely different economic and socio-political features than most of the older EU members, particularly their Western partners, Bulgaria and Romania are the poorest among the EU-27...» Summary abstract
«The globalisation of trade brings with it greater risks than internal trade, with the differences in business practices, application of local law, combined with external political factors .
The four main risks applicable when dealing with global...» Summary abstract
«United States immigration policy towards Haitian and Cuban immigrants is often discussed for its discrepancies. Historically, both countries have experienced political and economic instability that have inevitably led to massive out migration, a...» Summary abstract
«September 11, 2001 marked a turning point in American history. The terrorist attacks which transpired that day brought the country into a struggle against a foreign enemy that had no boundaries or limits. The U.S. population was outraged and felt...» Summary abstract
«America is country proud to call itself a melting pot of different people, cultures, and languages. With the exception of Native Americans, who lived off the land for thousands of years before the discovery of "the new world," every one in the U.S....» Summary abstract
«Although it is never only one country that is fully responsible for the outbreak of a war, it can be agreed that the pre-war expansionist foreign policy of Germany was the triggering act behind the start of the Second World War. Therefore it is...» Summary abstract
«Although the first half of the twentieth century had been more hectic because of the frequent battles of the opposing powers in the two world wars, the second half of the century, the decades of the Cold War can be characterised as more tense...» Summary abstract
«Although the dilemma of intervention is not new, it emerged as a main topic of debate after the Cold War. The dilemma is whether to intervene in countries where gross human rights violations occur or to respect the sovereignty of the states. Even...» Summary abstract
«"Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person," states the third article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted this declaration in 1948. The members of the...» Summary abstract
«The continuing importance of wars in international relations poses the question, where wars actually originate. Are they the inventions of the states , mere accidents of history or as indicated, they are ultimately rooted in human nature. In this...» Summary abstract
«Having witnessed so many wars in history, it would seem an obvious answer that any other solution than force should be welcomed for resolving conflicts in international politics. Economic sanctions, as means of economic statecraft has frequently...» Summary abstract
«There are universal aims for international intervention in conflict resolution that should be used as a guide by all third parties. Kimberly Maynard mentions some of these aims in her book, Healing Communities in Conflict: International Assistance...» Summary abstract
«Kosovo is located in the southern province of the Republic of Serbia in Western Balkans (see Appendix One). The administrative capital is Pristina and the province is separated into thirty municipalities. Kosovo's last official census in 1991...» Summary abstract
«A little known history professor once argued that the colonization that took place in Southeast Asia during the nineteenth century occurred in fundamentally the same manner. Colonial powers entered the country, subjugated the local people and...» Summary abstract
«Throughout the course of the twentieth century, the United States has worked diligently to develop cohesive and functional relationship with Europe. Although this process has enabled the US and Europe to develop a strong relationship, the reality is...» Summary abstract
«Throughout the course of its history, the United States has utilized its foreign policy objectives for the purposes of pursuing its own needs. Although the United States has, in rare instances, pursued foreign policy objectives for the purposes of...» Summary abstract
«The process of globalization is one that has carried with it a high price for the United States. While the US has been able to extend its overall reach into the international community, not all countries in the international community have been...» Summary abstract
«In April of 2004, shocking pictures from the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq began to surface in the American media. The pictures depicted members of the 372nd Military Police Company engaged in acts of torture against Iraqi prisoners. Although...» Summary abstract
«Introduction
The Second Intifada (also known as the Al Aqsa Intifada) which took place between Palestine and Israel between 2000 and 2004 marks the end of the Intifada movement in this region. While the events leading up to the Intifada provide a...» Summary abstract
«Introduction
At the end of World War II, the international community became notably divided upon political and economic lines. While many countries in the West chose a capitalist democracy many in the East had chosen communism/Marxism as the...» Summary abstract
«The Indian Subcontinent, though mired in poverty and overpopulation, contains one of the world's richest natural resource bases. As political and economic forces push the region to development, the future of the South Asian environment remains...» Summary abstract
«You and all the Americans who voted for you were once children. Keep this simple fact in mind as you read this memo, because as adults, we sometimes forget the uniquely vulnerable role of children in society. This was certainly the spirit of...» Summary abstract
«In this analysis, I use government documents, presidential statements, and opinion polls to chart how American goals of independence moved in and out of different contexts, and the ways this movement reflected structural as well as domestic...» Summary abstract
«At every turn, the global city is faced with a set of challenges. How to compete cooperatively, how to expand stably, how to modernize peacefully-these and other contradictions check the unbridled enthusiasm of neoliberal planners, who have...» Summary abstract
«Approximately 800,000 men, women, and children are smuggled across international borders daily. These numbers do not even include labor and sexual exploitation, and internally displaced persons within each state. Those smuggled have different...» Summary abstract
«"My heart is with our village people, and as I think of their future I believe I see a magnificent vista lying ahead." Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Mission For My Country (1960) In the twenty years leading up to Islamic Revolution, the landscape of Iran...» Summary abstract
«International law has always been a significant subject of debate, but in the past hundred years this debate has intensified. Not only has the debate posed questions like 'Of what does international law consist?' but also it has further questioned...» Summary abstract
«Political philosophers have been offering different ideologies regarding human nature and the development of governments for thousands of years. Some have claimed that humans are naturally good and compassionate whereas others have argued their...» Summary abstract
«Historical phenomena such as the abolition of slavery cannot be explained by isolating them from the larger global context that created the conditions for their existence. In his chapter titled Whose Abolition? Popular Pressure and the Ending of the...» Summary abstract
«Overview
After the Cold War the majority of wars in Africa were "societal" while conflict between states was considerably rare. The inter-state wars were further prolonged and worsened by foreign support. Military assistance on part of Western...» Summary abstract
«Western Civilization has been shaped by the many people and events that have witnessed its transformation from the dawn of the early modern period in 1500 up to the present day. The present word view has been formed by many events including the...» Summary abstract
«According to Stephen Hawking in A Brief History of Time, "a theory is a good theory
if it satisfies two requirements: It must accurately describe a large class of observations on
the basis of a model which contains only a few arbitrary elements,...» Summary abstract
«Refugee situations across the world have been characterized by three different outcomes:
return to the country of origin, assimilation in the host country or resettlement into a third
country. All of the above have proven unrealistic options for...» Summary abstract
«Historical narratives are often times fragile and subject to "mythification". Especially
vulnerable are the ones in which interests between two groups collide, violent disputes are common
and the nature of the conflict is highly complex and...» Summary abstract
«Genetic mutations are not uncommon. They can happen for a variety of reasons and have a variety of effects. Those with negative effects are weeded out by natural selection, and those with positive effects prevail and are accumulated due to natural...» Summary abstract
«This year, December 10, 2007 is a day of many important deadlines. Not only is it the day the independence of Kosovo is said to be decided, but it is also the date by which the handover of Ratko Mladic to the ICTY is supposed to occur. Both of...» Summary abstract
«Since the founding of Israel, over 50 years ago, America has taken the fledgling country under its wing . The sympathy of the American people towards Israel has wavered little despite the ups-and-downs Israel has been through in its short history ....» Summary abstract
«As Michael Walzer frequently states, "war is hell"; however, that has not stopped people from engaging in it for thousands of years. There are a variety of reasons nations have entered war, among them are: territorial expansion, the spread of...» Summary abstract
«The United Nations is not the first international organisation to be established to help settle conflict peacefully and to prevent future conflicts from arising. In 1899, the Hague Convention for the Settlement of International Disputes was...» Summary abstract
«With the advent of postmodern theory in the mid-to-late twentieth century, Western thought has come to realize the need for a more complete view of human knowledge and being, one that does not fall prey to the modernist Enlightenment fascination...» Summary abstract
«Do you agree with Waltz's recommendation to spread nuclear weapons?
On Sunday, April 9, 2006, the Washington Post announced that "the Bush administration is studying options for military strikes against Iran as part of a broader strategy of...» Summary abstract
«In 1998, the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) created both the International Religious Freedom Office in the Department of State and the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF). Since this date, a report has been...» Summary abstract
«The last half of the 20th Century has been exclusively dominated by the Cold war conflict. There was little space in the analysis of the scholars in International relations for other minor issues of "low politics", while the questions of the nuclear...» Summary abstract
«The Second Yugoslavia created in 1943, under the name of Democratic Federation of Yugoslavia, was a federal state consisting of six republics -Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia- and two autonomous provinces -...» Summary abstract
«Located at a strategic position in the eastern Mediterranean sea, Cyprus, in the course of its history has frequently switched hands in-between powers which maintained an interest in the region. The list of its successive rulers includes the...» Summary abstract
«In 1898, the United States intervened in the Caribbean and Pacific to fight against Spanish imperialism. In the aftermath of the Spanish-American War, the United States occupied Cuba from January 1899 to May 1902. On February 25, 1901, Senator...» Summary abstract
«The Czech and the Slovak nations had a similar history for more than a century, and the attempt to coexist in just one common state definitely failed in autumn 1992, when the Czech Prime Minister Václav Klaus and the leader of the main Slovak party...» Summary abstract
«General De Gaulle once said that all alliances are like roses: they wither and decay. NATO might be a counter-example or it might not. While during the Munich Conference, the US Deputy Secretary of Defense, Paul Wolfowitz, claimed "As an alliance we...» Summary abstract
«To answer the question "Can we have world government", we must understand two questions: one is "What would be the use and necessity of a world government"; the other one is "In what extent would it be possible?" "A government is a system, form or...» Summary abstract
«Civil wars are, today, since the end of the Cold War, the dominant form of conflicts all around the world. For instance, as Stephen John Stedman explains, 'all thirty-five of the wars in 1997 were primarily internal' . Massive violence, destruction...» Summary abstract