«The concept of globalization continues to be a hot issue in the arena of political discourse. Globalism, or interdependence, has been, and continues to be a critical force in world politics that affects nearly every aspect of global economic,...» Summary abstract
«As recognised by the EC Treaty, state aids are important and necessary policy instruments to achieve social and economic goals. However, depending on the way in which they are given, State aids can have a material impact on competition, leading to...» Summary abstract
«During the XXth century, the communist system, an alternative political system to capitalism, emerged in Russia after the October Revolution. The features of this system are the important ideologies, the role of the communist party, the central...» Summary abstract
«Kosovo is mostly known as a region in the former Yugoslavia where, in 1998 and 1999, there was growing violence between the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), which sought independence from Serbia, and the Serbian army and police, which were randomly...» Summary abstract
«After 1945, the parallel rises of US and USSR, emerged two superpowers in competition at all levels, fighting for hegemony on the post war world. Characterized by the possession of the nuclear weapon, obtained and used in 1945 by the United States...» Summary abstract
«A study of the Soviet press' portrayal of the Geneva conference and the Western powers provides an insight into the role of the press in shaping public opinion for the state and against the West. Furthermore, the image of Soviet-American relations...» Summary abstract
«In 1949, after having lost the Chinese Civil War against the CPC, the Kuomintang retreated from Mainland China and established a government in Taipei, the largest city of the Taiwan Island, while continuing to claim its sovereignty over the whole...» Summary abstract
«The Jeffersonian idea that liberty and equality would be best achieved by everyman pursuing his own interest and a federal government with greatly constrained powers is often seen as America's traditional political philosophy. During the 20th...» Summary abstract
«Although realism, as a discipline in International Relations has only been around since the Second World War, it has a tradition that can be traced back to the time of the ancient Greeks. The fact that realism still provides a viable, though...» Summary abstract
«International law has always been a significant subject of debate, but in the past hundred years this debate has intensified. Not only has the debate posed questions like 'Of what does international law consist?' but also it has further questioned...» Summary abstract
«The EU-US relations were the basis upon which global institutions were built at the end of World War II, they permitted the creation of the United Nations, of the World Trade Organization, and of the North-Atlantic Treaty Organisation they forged...» Summary abstract
«The end of the Cold War marked a turning point in international politics and in the way in which political scientists defined world conflicts. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the United States became the sole hegemonic power. Academics rushed to...» Summary abstract
«A little known history professor once argued that the colonization that took place in Southeast Asia during the nineteenth century occurred in fundamentally the same manner. Colonial powers entered the country, subjugated the local people and...» Summary abstract
«With the rising number of television sets in American households post World War II, came hope that this unprecedented tool of mass media would bridge the socioeconomic, racial, and cultural divides splintering the county. However, since television's...» Summary abstract
«Although in the contemporary world of globalization, international organizations and institutions blur boundaries between nations and the existence of state sovereignty is frequently questioned, these concepts can still be regarded as points of...» Summary abstract
«Throughout the course of the twentieth century, the United States has worked diligently to develop cohesive and functional relationship with Europe. Although this process has enabled the US and Europe to develop a strong relationship, the reality is...» Summary abstract
«Over the course of the last two centuries, the United States has established itself as an economic, political and military leader in the international community. Although it is quite evident that the US has been the dominant world power throughout...» Summary abstract
«When President Bush instigated a preemptive strike against the country of Iraq, voices of protests erupted from all sides of the globe. A preemptive strike against a sovereign nation had never been undertaken since the inception of the United...» Summary abstract
«Following the terror attacks of September 11, 2001 which left American devastated, United States of America President declared that these actions needed to be viewed as an act of war. This concept of an attack on American soil was, prior to...» Summary abstract
«Globalization has affected the political world system. Power relations amongst states have been altered due to a number of social, economic and political developments. "Contemporary globalization is associated with a transformation of state power as...» Summary abstract
«Through the process of critical oral history, Robert McNamara has re-evaluated his experience as the Secretary of Defense under the Kennedy and Johnson presidencies. Filmmaker Errol Morris shaped his documentary The Fog of War around eleven lessons...» Summary abstract
«"We have our own dream and our own task. We are with Europe, but not of it. We are linked, but not combined. We are interested and associated, but not absorbed."
Winston Churchill's famous quote aptly describes Britain's approach to European...» Summary abstract
«Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11 in 2001, Islamism is perceived as the major international threat of our time. The subject is broadly under studies, in universities as well as in the media, which often provide a biased vision of the phenomenon....» Summary abstract
«International Politics are based upon two main theories, Realism and Liberalism, which are
conventionally opposed, and therefore give two different interpretations of world politics. This essay will focus on the stances of these theories upon the...» Summary abstract
«Throughout his works J. Habermas has articulated a universalist vision of political life, studying the possibilities of a renewal of democracy in a globalized political environment. With The Postnational Constellation, Habermas focused on the moral...» Summary abstract
«The Pope, as a spiritual and temporal leader, wields a double sovereignty: over the City of the Vatican as Head of State, and over the Holy See (or Apostolic See) as Head of the Roman Catholic Church. This fundamental distinction, "perennialized" by...» Summary abstract
«After WWII, various multilateral organizations have been promoted by the US and implemented through many international organizations such as the UN, the GATT and the IMF. Overtime, multilateral co-operation dramatically developed in different forms...» Summary abstract
«To establish a real picture of communism in the USA and to understand its actual situation, I will first talk about the reasons why the USA cannot be seen as the best place to be a communist and then I will ask myself whether we can say there is an...» Summary abstract
«In the beginning of the 20th century, France appeared to be a great and a powerful nation in Europe. She had two main preoccupations concerning her foreign policy: on one hand France wanted to reinforce and expand her colonial Empire; on the other...» Summary abstract
«The theory is mainly a tool for the study of International Relations. It allows for the building of a conceptual framework upon which the events of world politics are analyzed. Theory provides with models that help unravel the mechanisms at work in...» Summary abstract
«When we speak about Kashmir, we think at first of this multitude of conflicts which concerns the history of this country. This territory situated in South Asia is a junction point of India, Pakistan and China. It always generated enormous desire....» Summary abstract
«In the beginning of the 20th century, France appeared to be a great and powerful nation in Europe. She had two main preoccupations concerning her foreign policy: on one hand France wanted to reinforce and expand her colonial Empire; on the other...» Summary abstract
«The manifestation of the American hegemony since the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 has created a new pattern for international relations in which the United States is the 'hyper power' everyone has to take into...» Summary abstract
«According to The World Bank (2006), 'good' corporate governance (CG) refers to the structures and processes for the direction and control of companies. This involves the relationships among the management, board of directors, controlling and...» Summary abstract
«The trade-union teams of a company, a branch or a territory, are confronted daily with the stakes in globalization. It is the case when, because of the saturation of the mobile telephony market in Europe, Mitsubishi closes its unity of Vitré to...» Summary abstract
«Since the beginning of recorded history, efforts have been made to limit the behavior during war time. Moreover, there have been many attempts to codify the rules of the military conduct as well.
For example:
The Chinese warrior Sun Tzu in the...» Summary abstract
«A quick look at the sheer number of French books written on the United States, whether it is on 9/11, Iraq, the environment, George W.Bush or any other foreign policy issue, shows how important is the United States for France. The opposite may not...» Summary abstract
«The US is a nation of immigrants and the diversity of the constituencies is represented in the functioning of its political institutions. Indeed, not only is it considered legitimate for the interest groups to interfere with the decision making...» Summary abstract
«This paper reviews the existing literature on ethnic inequality and discrimination in the labor market, to then analyze the economic performance of various ethnic groups in Germany and the UK. Main findings are that in the UK the immigrant...» Summary abstract
«Southern symbols, particularly the Confederate flag, have grown very controversial since the end of the Civil war. Indeed, the Confederate flag has been associated with numerous racist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, or with racist acts, such as...» Summary abstract
«In 1991 a US-led coalition launched, with the agreement of UN, a wide military operation against the rogue regime of Saddam Hussein that had attempted to invade Kuwait in order to take over its staggering oil resources. George Herbert Bush, at the...» Summary abstract
«War on Terror was launched by the George Bush administration in respond to the attacks on September 11, 2001 on the US soil. The official term used by the US military, Global war on Terrorism refers to the various military, political, and legal...» Summary abstract
«In September 2004, one year after the beginning of the civil war in Sudan, Colin Powell said it was ''genocide''. Since the beginning of the war, many associations were created in order to 'Save Darfur'. Darfur has recently been one of the most...» Summary abstract
«Because its creation was not a simple extension of the GATT, literature has shown a lively curiosity for the reception of WTO law within the Community legal order. Some concrete facts justify this infatuation. Unlike its predecessor, the WTO is a...» Summary abstract
«Towards Post Cold War conflicts, the English army became the heir of a strong strategic culture. Indeed, the geo-politic and military story of England has been made mainly by maritime army power, in order to avoid any insurrections from other...» Summary abstract
«The World Trade Organization (WTO) hаs become the organization of excellence for dealing with international trade. The transformation of the Generаl Аgreement on Tаriffs аnd Trаde (GАTT) to WTO wаs...» Summary abstract
«The United States of America has always been an immigration Land. 301 Million Whites, Blacks, Latinos and Asians, subdivided in different ethnic groups are living together.
Because of the all-known complicated relationship between Cuba and...» Summary abstract
«The attacks on September 11, 2001 forced a change in the national security policy of the United States. Eight years later, debate still surrounds the issue on how best to defend against terrorism. The question of how large of a national security...» Summary abstract
«War and love could be said to be polar opposites. However, in the film "A Very Long Engagement (2004) by French director Jean-Pierre Jeunet, the two intertwine, as the main character, Mathilde, a young woman with polio, begins a search for her lost...» Summary abstract
«This paper will explore the partition of India into India and Pakistan at the end of the era of British colonialism as a narrative story of the imaginary. (Bhabha, 1992). In order to discuss the rift between the two nations, which can be understood...» Summary abstract
«As Taiwan and Korea, both being former colonies of Japan, began to develop over time, their growth exemplified the characteristics of what we term "developmental states". These two particular states have exhibited rapid, sustained, export-led growth...» Summary abstract
«The establishment of relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China (China) was in every sense a watershed in the history of foreign policy, and permanently altered the international system. U. S. President Richard...» Summary abstract
«"It is part of the general pattern of misguided policy that our country is now geared to an arms economy which was bred in an artificially induced psychosis of war hysteria and nurtured upon an incessant propaganda of fear " proclaimed General...» Summary abstract
«It is safe to say that in the years leading up to the September 11 attacks, the United States had little to no working relationship with Pakistan, especially when it came to stopping the Taliban. In fact, the United States contributed to the...» Summary abstract
«The "Kurdish issue" is Turkey's most difficult and painful problem, one that presents a vast moral dilemma for the country. The issue feeds Turkey's continuing inflation and is the major source of human rights violations and the biggest irritant in...» Summary abstract
«For the purposes of my paper, I will be researching and analyzing the causes and possible solutions of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. I will do this by first establishing an understanding of the history of the conflict and then analyzing the...» Summary abstract
«Throughout history, imperialism has been a fact of the international system. Only recently has the nomenclature changed, with military intervention, peacekeeping, and nation-building replacing the colonial era term. Whatever term is used for...» Summary abstract
«In 2002, 191 United Nations member states signed the United Nations Millennium Declaration, unanimously agreeing to eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The momentum and inspiration behind this occasion was strong, heads of state were...» Summary abstract
«When George W. Bush arrived in office as President in 2000, he was determined to limit the role of the United States in foreign affairs, although there was in his electorate a hope for a strong foreign policy. The new administration saw in the...» Summary abstract
«Somalia is traditionally a pastoral and nomadic society. Throughout the precolonial era, herders of camels, cattle and sheep lived in a world of "egalitarian anarchy" where the main preoccupation of the clan families was the well-being of the herd....» Summary abstract
«9.11 attacks and the U.S. reaction to launch a war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq, aside with the perpetuating Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the U.S policies toward Egypt triggered an increased popularity of Islamists. In the context of the up...» Summary abstract
«On the 7th of December 1941, Japanese submarines and carrier-based planes attacked the U.S. Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor, killing 3000 military personnel, and destroying a great part of the fleet. This led to a 4-years war culminating in Hiroshima...» Summary abstract
«In 1970 Liberalism tried to create a revolution: international relations should be thought of using the study of economic interdependence, a key concept where states are affected by decisions taken by others. Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye insisted...» Summary abstract
«One month after the attacks of September 11, 2001, in October 2001, the United States decided to invade Afghanistan in order to capture AlQaeda mastermind Ossama Ben Laden and to withdraw the Taliban regime. The "operation enduring freedom" was led...» Summary abstract
«Poland has always lied at the crossroads of Europe, as suggested by the title of one of Norman Davies' famous history books Heart of Europe. Intermediate between the West and the East; buffer state; ally or enemy of the main European powers, Poland...» Summary abstract
«Since the collapse of its communist regime in 1989-1990, Poland aimed at joining the European Economic Community/European Union (EU). In 1991, the Association Agreement was signed by the country and the international organization. Poland officially...» Summary abstract
«Since 1995 and the establishment of the WTO, the quick spread of new technologies, and the increasing interdependence between countries, supporters and detractors of globalization have been arguing about whether globalization actually exists and if...» Summary abstract
«Latin America is a huge geographical and cultural space that faces many serious difficulties in development because of high social inequalities, drug traffic and democracies that are often young and fragile. Because of these important issues, and as...» Summary abstract
«The Second World War gave impetus to the idea of European unity. A view developed that only by the creation of some form of European federation would Europe enjoys a permanent peace. After WW2, European states focussed on national reconstruction,...» Summary abstract
«According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, the hidden Iranian nuclear program starts in 1987. In December 2002, the United States accuses Iran to seek to develop a Weapons of Mass Destruction program and in June 2003, the IAEA reports...» Summary abstract
«The 5th of December 2001, the Bonn agreement was the first text attempting to build a basis for a new start of the Afghan nation after the American invasion. It was set by international actors as different as the UN, who supervised the conference,...» Summary abstract
«I understand that the issue of the Chinese Japanese relationship may prove to be quite a sensitive issue in both countries, and I hope I will not offend anyone in any way, with this presentation. I tried to present the facts and analysis as...» Summary abstract
«The World Trade Organization aims at ensuring "harmony, freedom, equity and security" in trading activities. The organization has the institutional means to control the compatibility of national policies to its requirements. From financial to...» Summary abstract
«The immediate cause of Charles de Gaulle's resumption of power (1958-1969) was the Algerian War, which had brought France to the brink of civil war and destroyed the Fourth Republic. By ending the war, de Gaulle had the chance to resurrect his...» Summary abstract
«Globalization is a phenomenon that appeared in the early 20th century. It refers to an increase in the interdependence of the economies, societies, cultures and politics. Globalization has disrupted the face of the World since its apparition....» Summary abstract
«Afghanistan represents undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges for the Western democracies. The reversal of the Taliban by the international coalition led by the United States after the 9/11 terrorist attacks was seen as a symbol of hope. This...» Summary abstract
«Although a full historical of the disputes between India and Pakistan and the problem of Kashmir is not necessary, it is important to remember that in the last years, the situation has greatly evolved with for instance, the nuclear tests of 1998,...» Summary abstract
«"Iran now lies at the center of the Middle East's major problems": civil wars in Iraq and Lebanon, development and security challenges in Afghanistan and in the Gulf, oil crisis, etc. But the main issue concerning the Islamic Republic of Iran for...» Summary abstract
«Stalin used to say: "Sincere diplomacy is no more possible than dry water or wooden iron": this quote can perfectly apply to the relations that the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union have fostered during the first years of the creation...» Summary abstract
«In early 1949, China was a nationalist country, ruled by Chiang Kai-shek and sustained by the United States. At the same time, the Chinese Communists were rebelling and ruling large parts of the country, and were constantly progressing. It was...» Summary abstract
«THE HAGUE, 10 March 2005. Today the International Court of Justice, the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, delivered its Judgment in the case concerning Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (Paraguay v. United States of America). ...» Summary abstract
«Sino-Japanese relationships are very complex. Historically, both countries have known a kind of "Golden Age" when they dominated the Pacific region. Before the arrival of the Europeans, China was dominant. Then Japan modernized a lot during the...» Summary abstract
«The Iranian regime appears to be one of the main present sources of threat for the international order and security. The nuclear programme that has been undertaken by its president Ahmadinezhad is raising strong tensions between this country and the...» Summary abstract
«The 7 December 1941, Japan attacked the American fleet in Pearl Harbor. From then on, the war is no more only European but officially global. The next day, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, president of the United States, declared war on Japan. With the...» Summary abstract
«This study, by a group of important political thinkers, provides an analysis of the often problematic relationship between Britain and the European Union. The book opens with a general review of the history of this relationship since 1950. This is...» Summary abstract
«Mobs recently occurred in France in dozens of poor districts in reaction to the death of two young men. As most of the population of these districts is made up of immigrants or descendants of immigrants, the emphasis has been put by some of the most...» Summary abstract
«Full democratization does not necessarily follow regime change. Hybrid or 'grey democracies' have also emerged after 1989. Choose two countries from the former Soviet bloc, one from the countries recently admitted to the European Union and one such...» Summary abstract
«The relationship between Australia and the European Union does not seem to attract much attention. Few books had been written on it, and the general impression is that this relationship is not put forward by neither Australia nor the EU. While many...» Summary abstract
«Fox News is the top rated channel in the United States (U.S.) but it is also broadcasted internationally in 40 countries. It can stand for an American point of view about news but also for a more global one. Fox News has an obvious impact on...» Summary abstract
«One of the most important discussions in the modern-day European Union concerns the lack of effectiveness of common foreign and security policy. As the Union moves towards integration, creating such a policy has become one of its most pressing...» Summary abstract
«EU is regulated by a supranational institutional system, which still takes into account the national sensitiveness. Nevertheless, there is not a traditional strong supranational authority. Indeed, there is neither army nor police, and the decision...» Summary abstract
«After the end of the World War Two, France and Germany experienced hostile relations. Indeed, from 1945 to 1950, the two countries were both traumatized by the souvenir of their mutual occupation. On the French side, the Nazi's occupation had...» Summary abstract
«Small country of North-East Asia, Taiwan has experienced numerous developments throughout its history, founding over the centuries its own political identity, from the beginnings as a Ch'ing prefecture and province, to the half-century of Japanese...» Summary abstract
«International cooperation is a radically different prospect with regard to positivist theories of international relations. According to each approach, states live in a specific international system, are motivated by diverse factors and possess...» Summary abstract
«Since the Industrial Revolution, energy is an international concern: one fifth of international trade of goods is the supply in energy of the companies. At the beginning of the century, oil became the most important energy source. Today, oil...» Summary abstract
«Macedonia has particular features in the Balkanic entanglement. On the one hand, we could say it is a "classical" Balkanic country, with all the negative connotations this adjective unfortunately implies: a post-Yugoslavian country, which encounters...» Summary abstract
«Though they may disagree on the importance of this phenomenon, most international experts now admit that there is a growing concern, both from states and from people, for Human Rights in international relations. Human Rights are often used to...» Summary abstract
«In January 2006, the Islamic militant group Hamas won the Palestinian Parliamentary elections, with 42.2% of the votes. The election in Palestine of a group that remains committed to an armed struggle, the destruction of Israel and retaliatory...» Summary abstract
«Is global governance a chimera in a world of states, or is there as Keohane suggests, limited global governance in a partially globalized world, or is global governance an effective form of western hegemony? Is global governance a chimera in a world...» Summary abstract
«A "brave political experiment" calling for "unconventional decisions" promoting sub-regional cooperation that ultimately might develop into "a common European social and economic space" : this is how the Russian Deputy Prime Minister, Viktor...» Summary abstract
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Document>international relations