Intraneuronal Signaling Pathways
Summary :
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Intraneuronal signaling pathways
- The concept of neurons or networks of neurons
- Major signaling pathways
- Neurotransmitter receptors
- Cyclic AMP
- Cyclic GMP
- Phosphoinositide (PI)
- Direct coupling between G proteins and ion channels
- Tyrosine phosphorylation
- Cross talk among signaling pathways
- Conclusion
- References
Abstract
Prior to delineating the organization of specific intraneuronal signaling pathways, it is important to consider, in general terms, their role in helping neurons interpret and respond to the barrage of afferent stimulation impinging on them continuously. From an evolutionary perspective, second messenger systems predate neurotransmitters and neurotrophins, examples of first messengers detected by cell surface receptors. Before the advent of neurotransmitters, prokaryotic organisms relied on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and other intracellular signaling pathways to coordinate diverse responses located in disparate parts of these unicellular organisms to changes in ambient nutrients or conditions. Neurotransmitters and neurotrophins have evolved subsequently to take advantage of these internal signaling pathways that have undergone a parallel growth process.
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