«The Hundred Years War is an important period of the English history and of the French history. The Hundred Years' War was a conflict between France and England, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453. It was fought primarily over claims by the English...» Summary abstract
«The book is a logical presentation of the historical development of the Republican's success in campaigning for wedge issues. Wedge issues have been instrumental in the campaign of Republican's since wedge issues like gay marriage, illegal...» Summary abstract
«The Colosseum is one of the most famous buildings that are visited by millions every year. It was used for many events, and the most famous was the popular gladiator fights. It is a very complex building with high architectural methods used to build...» Summary abstract
«Organizational rules, called Old Charges, from groups or guilds of European stonemasons date back to the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries according to some historians, while others date these guilds as far back as 1057 in Scotland and 1220 in...» Summary abstract
«The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1347 C.E. and 1351 C.E, reducing the population of Europe by nearly half, and resulting in widespread socio-economic and other changes. Medieval people...» Summary abstract
«Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt were both patriarchal societies. Women were second class citizens. However, in both civilizations women rose to prominence and even managed to rule. This paper will contrast those exceptions to male domination and the...» Summary abstract
«Philippe Soller used to say that the beauty of conciseness is that it allows us to transmit, guiltlessly, only commonly accepted truths. I am afraid I will have to show, very concisely, how innovating and dissenter is the study of Philippe Beaujard...» Summary abstract
«We have no verifiable information about who wrote the gospels of the New Testament, where they were written, or even when. Later legends connected these gospels with Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, but there is no reliable historical evidence to...» Summary abstract
«Buddhism arose in India around 500 BCE. It was focused on the teachings of Gautama Buddha and organized around the spiritual practices of monks and nuns who also taught the Buddha's message. In the first 500 years of its existence in India the...» Summary abstract
«The position of women in the medieval German state in the 13th century is a complex one when viewed through an historical lens that looks at gender and sex (using feminist theory) to understand this past era. What are the factors that shaped gender...» Summary abstract
«The English reformist John Wycliffe (c. 1320-1384) was an important precursor to the Reformation movement, headed by Martin Luther (c. 1483-1546). Wycliffe attempted to rid England of many of the same problems in the Roman Catholic Church that...» Summary abstract
«The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was a major conflict leading to the end of French supremacy on the European continent. For the first time, the armies of the Sun King, Louis XIV, lost their reputation of invincibility. The purpose of...» Summary abstract
«The colonization of Mozambique by Portugal began in the 15th century. The first settling was made in 1498, near the mouth of Zambezi River by Vasco de Gama himself. A few years later, the Portuguese founded a city in Lourenço Marques bay, nowadays...» Summary abstract
«Born on September 7, 1533 in Greenwich, England.
Died on March 24, 1603 in Richmond, Surrey.
Elizabeth I, also called the Virgin queen because she never married, was the queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603 or a total of forty five...» Summary abstract
«The rebellion of the Netherlands against ruling Spain was, in the end, a success leading to complete independence in 1648, with the Treaties of Den Haag and of Westphalia. All the Northern provinces of the "Spanish Netherlands" became fully...» Summary abstract
«The Magna Carta is a charter signed by King John in 1215, during the Middle Ages, a period organized around the system of feudalism. This text embodies an enormous advance politically speaking: it is the basis of the whole English institution....» Summary abstract
«The disputes between Ambrose and Theodosius, the Carolingian rebellious episcopacy and Louis the Pious, and Gregory VII and Henry IV led to a same conclusion; the three emperors did penance. We can view these disputes as different episodes at...» Summary abstract
«One of the most interesting periods of Egyptian history comes during the 18th Dynasty of the New Kingdom. In approximately 1479 B.C., the Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose II died and, after a short dispute, was succeeded by his consort Hatshepsut who...» Summary abstract
«It was during the Han Dynasty under Confucian scholar Dong Zhong Shu's persuasion that Emperor Wu (r. 140-68 BC) canonized the five Confucian classics as teachings of the state, created an imperial academy and instituted the civil service...» Summary abstract
«In its early years as a wealthy French colony, Haiti was the envy of European imperial powers; however, in the last two centuries it has undergone a major transformation from a blooming Caribbean colony to an economically, socially, environmentally,...» Summary abstract
«After the Athenians defeated the Persians in defense of their glorius city. Pericles had proposed a resurrection and rebuilding of the Athenian temples that were destroyed by the Persian invaders. The best materials, artists, and laborers were...» Summary abstract
«The 19th day of December in 1777 marked significantly on the history of United States of America for this was the day when George Washington together with 11,000 soldiers encamped in Valley Forge, a "2,000 - acre Pennsylvania community [...] twenty...» Summary abstract
«Indonesia is home to one of the Seven Wonders of the World: the Buddhist monument of Borobudur. Although this monument is not one of the most widely known wonders of the globe it clearly represents a pinnacle of both architectural development and...» Summary abstract
«Throughout the course of history, there have been a number of notable leaders that have significantly altered or improved civilization. Although the contributions of many of these leaders have fallen by the wayside in modern times, there are a few...» Summary abstract
«The custom of erecting rune stones to commemorate the dead was a fashion that became predominant during the latter years of the Viking age, with the high period starting around 950 AD and continuing for the following 80 years in Denmark, Norway, and...» Summary abstract
«In recent times, the study of death -both in modern times and throughout history-has begun to interest historians, who have gone about their research in a variety of ways. One work in this area of study is The Hour of Our Death by Philippe Aries,...» Summary abstract
«In this essay I will be treating the iconoclastic movement in the Netherlands (1566 - 1567) as the beginning of the Dutch Revolt. I will begin by examining the historical context of the Dutch Revolt, that is to say, the political, economic and...» Summary abstract
«The Spanish empire was one of the largest empires in history and its own personal rise to power would coincide with the transition of power from the Asian continent to the European world. As colonial possessions lead to unprecedented wealth and...» Summary abstract
«Since the dawn of the human race, humans have recognized the need to work together in order to ensure their survival. This mindset allowed for the development of hunter gatherer societies which eventually evolved into fixed communities. Eventually...» Summary abstract
«The archaeological site of Chersonesos in Crimea, Ukraine, has been called "the Ukrainian Pompeii" and with good reason. Very few sites in the world can claim to have such an abundance of well-preserved remains. Tens of towers, a monumental...» Summary abstract
«Archaeology is - "The discovery, recovery, and study of material evidence or artifacts (i.e. structures, tools, clothing, implements and burial sites in various states of preservation) of past human life and culture"
The methodology used in...» Summary abstract
«It is acknowledged that under the rule of Peter I Russia have turned itself into a powerful nation. By what is a powerful nation? If we would generalize the knowledge we have about the different powerful states in history, we would probably discover...» Summary abstract
«Throughout history, ancient Rome has been one of the great leaders in the field of Empire building. The stench of blood and fear filled the Mediterranean region as Rome conquered city after city and nation after nation. Many cities fell to the...» Summary abstract
«World history is full of brutality. Wars and conquests, rapes and massacres; savage displays of the primitive monster man has always been and always will be. Yet more disgusting than any military operation is the mutilation of religion in the face...» Summary abstract
«Long before the "Odd Couple", there was a duo even more opposite and conflicted - Thomas Morton and William Bradford. A battle between two strong characters, with very different and contrasting beliefs about life, ensued on 1622 in the early English...» Summary abstract
«At the onset of Peter's reign Russian culture was in a dismal state. The vast majority of the Russian population was illiterate, even among the nobility. Since Peter wanted to westernize Russian society on virtually all levels, education and culture...» Summary abstract
«Peter the Great (1689-1725) was the major force that turned Russia away from the old ways of Asiatic Russia, and opened the window to the west. His series of accomplishments as Tsar of Russia began at the dawn of the eighteenth century, with the...» Summary abstract
«The smallpox epidemic that virtually wiped out the natives in their own land was asdisastrous as perhaps any epidemic that has ever existed in human history. While AIDS is doing enormous damage and harm to the people of Africa, it is not suffering...» Summary abstract
«The growth of education in England is largely associated with the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and the rule of the Tudor monarchy. Although there are many factors which contributed to the advancement of education, it was the policies of...» Summary abstract
«Christians and Muslims have always kept ambiguous relationship going. Thanks to the Mediterranean, there have always been lots of contacts between Christians and Muslims. However, these contacts were strengthened with the Crusades during the Middle...» Summary abstract
«This essay focuses on Chinese women from North-Western China (the Chinese part of the Silk Road) under the Tang dynasty (618-907). It describes the main outlines of their everyday life, and study more closely the impact of the Silk Road - and its...» Summary abstract
