Neuroimmunology

Type :

Presentation

Pages :

8 pages

Format :

.doc

Published date :

11/21/2008

Category :

Science & technology

Sub category :

Biology

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Summary :

Introduction.
Neuropeptides.
Receptors.
Substance P.
Catecholamines.
Neuropeptide Y.
Adenosine triphosphate.
Neurogenic inflammation.
Cutaneous/Dermatologic diseases.
1. Urticaria.
2. Pruritus.
3. Atopic dermatitis.
4. Psoriasis.
5. Vitiligo vulgaris.
6. Allergic contact dermatitis.
7. Ultraviolet radiation.
Conclusion.

Abstract

Human skin consists of a sophisticated network of nerve fibers and specialized sensory structures to transduce sensations of touch, vibration, temperature, and pain. Nerve fibers have dual functions: to transmit afferent sensory impulses to the central nervous system and to secrete mediators into the local environment. While many of these mediators are polypeptides (called neuropeptides), others are nonpeptide factors. These factors affect various biologic processes including inflammation, immunity, wound healing, and aging. Cutaneous neurobiology is an expanding field of research with increasing clinical implications. The presence of neuropeptide receptors on epidermal and dermal cells and the close anatomic relationship of nerve fibers with immune and nonimmune cells demonstrate the direct link between the sensory nervous system and the largest organ system of the human body, the skin. Neuropeptides (NPs) are a heterogeneous group of polypeptides ranging from 2 to greater than 40 amino acids in size. There are over 50 identified neuropeptides, 11 of which are found in human skin. Neuropeptides are released in response to a range of stimuli from pain and temperature to irritation in order to mediate diverse biologic processes related to injury, inflammation, infection, and wound healing.