Neuropeptides: Biology and Regulation
Summary :
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Definition of a neuropeptide
- The known behavioral effects of neuropeptides
- The differences between neuropeptides and the classic monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters
- Distribution
- Location of neuropeptides
- Neuropeptides: Colocalized in neurons
- The two main methods for mapping peptides
- Biosynthesis
- The neurotensin-neuromedin N gene
- The role of 5' regulatory sequences on peptide genes
- Peptide processing
- Conclusion
- References
Abstract
The past several decades have witnessed a veritable explosion of knowledge about the central nervous system (CNS), and in no area has this been as impressive as in peptide neurobiology. Numerous peptide neurotransmitter candidates have been identified and characterized, their CNS distributions mapped, and their genes cloned. The tenet "one neuron-one transmitter" erroneously attributed to Dale has been convincingly refuted with numerous demonstrations of neurons containing multiple peptides or combinations of peptide and nonpeptide neurotransmitters. Additionally, since the early 1980s there has been an embarrassment of riches in the form of knowledge about neurotransmitter receptor diversity, diversity of receptor-effector coupling, and neurotransmitter transporters. These discoveries have not yet been fully integrated into what is known about normal or aberrant CNS function, although dysfunction at virtually any level could conceivably lead to neuropsychiatric deficits.
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