Overview of hardware & information technology
Summary :
Table of Contents
- Introduction to computers
- Hardware
- Introduction
- Classification of hardware
- Central processing unit
- History
- Discrete transistor and IC CPU's
- Microprocessors
- Graphics processing unit
- Digital signal processor
- Architectural features of digital signal processors
- Audio signal processing
- Front end processor
- Information technology
- The Indian IT industry
- Development of information technology
- Importance of IT
- Growth drivers
- The road ahead
- Training and Education
- Bibliography
Abstract
A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digital data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed. Complex computers also include the means for storing data (including the program, which is also a form of data) for some necessary duration. A program may be invariable and built into the computer (and called logic circuitry as it is on microprocessors) or different programs may be provided to the computer (loaded into its storage and then started by an administrator or user). Today's computers have both kinds of programming.
Most histories of the modern computer begin with the Analytical Engine envisioned by Charles Babbage following the mathematical ideas of George Boole, the mathematician who first stated the principles of logic inherent in today's digital computer. Babbage's assistant and collaborator, Ada Lovelace, is said to have introduced the ideas of program loops and subroutines and is sometimes considered the first programmer. Apart from mechanical calculators, the first really usable computers began with the vacuum tube, accelerated with the invention of the transistor which then became embedded in large numbers in integrated circuits, ultimately making possible the relatively low-cost personal computer.
Most histories of the modern computer begin with the Analytical Engine envisioned by Charles Babbage following the mathematical ideas of George Boole, the mathematician who first stated the principles of logic inherent in today's digital computer. Babbage's assistant and collaborator, Ada Lovelace, is said to have introduced the ideas of program loops and subroutines and is sometimes considered the first programmer. Apart from mechanical calculators, the first really usable computers began with the vacuum tube, accelerated with the invention of the transistor which then became embedded in large numbers in integrated circuits, ultimately making possible the relatively low-cost personal computer.
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