Articles, Assignments and College Term papers in Political Science, International Relations, Ecology and Environment

"The Last Crusade. Religion and the politics of misdirection" Barbara Victor

Document abstract : «Barbara Victor is a journalist and a frequent lecturer on women's issues and the Middle East. She worked for CBS television for fifteen years, where she covered the Middle East. Her books include Terrorism, an account of the Lebanon war from 1975 to...»

Synopsis abstract : «The author. Summary. The Born again doctrine. How George W. Bush managed to seduce Evangelicals. The most basic belief that Evangelical or Fundamental Christians hold. The Jewish American community in the United States . The very public religiosity...»

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Analyse the relationship between state and civil society in Hegel's Philosophie des Rechts

Document abstract : «Since the 18th century, the contrasted views of the state in the Anglo-Saxon world and in France diverge on the notion of public interest. Both movements of thought frequently oppose the vision of an aggregate of the particular interests of citizens...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The methodological framework of Hegel's philosophy des Rechts. The concepts of civil society and state. Civil society. The state. The twofold relationship of civil society and state . Civil society: A transition towards the idea of the...»

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"Adenauer's pursuit of Western integration consolidated democracy in the West at the cost of the East." Comment

Document abstract : «According to the newspaper die Frankfurte Allgemeine Zeitung, the number of the unemployed people in Germany has decreased by 25.000 in November, reaching the stage of 4.531.000 jobless persons. The Federal Minister of the Economy, Michael Glos...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The consolidation of democracy in the west. Western integration in Adenauer's view: A criticisable conception of democracy. Adenauer's western integration of the FRG: Consolidating democracy . Adenauer's ambiguous role in the partition...»

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War and the American Presidency : Arthur Schlesinger

Document abstract : «War And The American Presidency was written by Arthur Schlesinger Jr., who used to be an adviser for Adlai Stevenson's campaign and a special assistant to President Kennedy . He participated in the founding of Americans for Democratic Action,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Unilateralism - not a new foreign policy in America. Schlesinger as a famous liberal historian and honest about his political affiliation. The difference between preventive and preemptive. Schlesinger's comments on the malfunctioning...»

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The US and Guantanamo Bay

Document abstract : «In 1898, the United States intervened in the Caribbean and Pacific to fight against Spanish imperialism. In the aftermath of the Spanish-American War, the United States occupied Cuba from January 1899 to May 1902. On February 25, 1901, Senator...»

Synopsis abstract : «Issue background: Guantanamo and the United States since 1898. The Platt Amendment . The revolution in 1959. The post 9/11 world: A new dimension to the Guantanamo issue. Courses of action. Reaching an agreement with the Castro government on this...»

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The Fog of War: Lessons One and Two

Document abstract : «Through the process of critical oral history, Robert McNamara has re-evaluated his experience as the Secretary of Defense under the Kennedy and Johnson presidencies. Filmmaker Errol Morris shaped his documentary The Fog of War around eleven lessons...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Lesson One: 'Empathize with Your Enemy'. Lesson Two: 'Rationality Will Not Save Us'. Contemporary foreign policy issue: Terrorism. Conclusion....»

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The impact of Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy on the nation's capital

Document abstract : «When John Fitzgerald Kennedy was elected President in 1960, he was the youngest President in the history of the United States. Deciding to bring a new style, a new look and a new vitality to the White House, he had a major asset: his wife....»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction: Jacqueline Kennedy's view of Washington DC. Changing the White House. The restoration of the White House. Acquiring works of art. The other White House projects. Influencing the Washingtonian daily life. Avoiding destruction promoting...»

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The European identity issue: what most determines the European "we feeling"?

Document abstract : «"You don't fall in love with a common market" (EU Commission President Jacques Delors in The European, 3 November 1994). Here emerges one of today's most challenging issues for the European Union: the prevalence of market integration has created a...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Constitutional patriotism . Literature. Model. Data. Results. Symbols and iconography. Literature. Model. Data. Results. The constitutive other . Literature. Model. Data. Res...»

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Globalisation and nation-sates: « The logic of the world economy has in many ways transcended the scale of nation-states » (Knox and Agnew, 1998: 372)

Document abstract : «Globalisation is a complex phenomenon based on an economic dynamic of internationalisation of trade and the emergence of a single world market but that entails significant geographical, political and cultural repercussions. Indeed, the volume of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Globalisation: A century long cumulative process . Post WWII: The will to avoid negative pro cyclical economic behaviour. The TCN: Structuring forces within the process of globalisation. Conclusi...»

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Political instability: France, Germany and Italy

Document abstract : «Comparison and explanation of the political instability experienced by pre-Fifth Republic France, during the Third and Fourth Republics of Weimar, Germany and post-war Italy The aim of this essay is to understand and analyze the different...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Political culture according to Almond . The religious divide . Debate over Almond's thesis. The existence of anti system . The lack of a strong, disciplined and moderate party of the Right . Conclusion. Bibli...»

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Psychological approaches to International Politics. The case of Cyprus

Document abstract : «Located at a strategic position in the eastern Mediterranean sea, Cyprus, in the course of its history has frequently switched hands in-between powers which maintained an interest in the region. The list of its successive rulers includes the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Psychological causes of conflict. Suitable targets of externalisation. Misperceptions of intentions. Psycho-cultural interpretations. Social identity theory. Incompatible beliefs. Non psychological explanations of the conflict. Closing...»

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Eradication of poverty and sustainable development in developing countries: an oxymoron?

Document abstract : «Adopted in 2000 by "all the world's governments as a blueprint for building a better world in the 21st century" (Kofi Annan, 2005), the Millennium Development Goals are quantified targets for addressing poverty in its several dimensions (United...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Confronting and juxtaposing theoretical arguments . Development policies as presented by the WB or the IMF. The implications of the theory. Sustainable development . The imbalance between North and South...»

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What explains the disintegration of Yugoslavia?

Document abstract : «The Second Yugoslavia created in 1943, under the name of Democratic Federation of Yugoslavia, was a federal state consisting of six republics -Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia- and two autonomous provinces -...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The second Yugoslavia: A mosaic of ethnic groups. Diversity of the traditions and cultures of the Yugoslav nations and the failure to constitute a Yugoslav culture. The unity of Yugoslavia . The death of Tito . Economic problems after...»

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Mill's and Green's accounts of freedom

Document abstract : «"The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant." (J.S. Mill) "It is the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The idea of distinguishing between a negative and a positive sense . J.S. Mill's defense of the negative concept of liberty . The liberty of an individual . Distinguishing between the private sphere. The limitation of the power of the...»

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Is the environment an international security issue?

Document abstract : «The last half of the 20th Century has been exclusively dominated by the Cold war conflict. There was little space in the analysis of the scholars in International relations for other minor issues of "low politics", while the questions of the nuclear...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The origin of the word 'Environment'. Defining security. Environment as a threat to international security. Ecological problems . The impact the environment . Environmental refugees . Increasing the gap between developed countries and...»

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The causes of resurgence of Islamism

Document abstract : «Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11 in 2001, Islamism is perceived as the major international threat of our time. The subject is broadly under studies, in universities as well as in the media, which often provide a biased vision of the phenomenon....»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. This secular circumstances . The failure of the post-colonial State . Tthe great majority of supporters of Islamist ideology . Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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The United States and international religious freedom

Document abstract : «In 1998, the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) created both the International Religious Freedom Office in the Department of State and the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF). Since this date, a report has been...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Examining the concept of religious freedom. The religious expression in the world's societies . A unilateralist policy . Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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Cradle to Cradle Design

Document abstract : «In March 2005, the UN released its Millennium Ecosystem Assessment , the first comprehensive scientific audit of the state of the planet. Completed over four years by 2,000 experts, the survey demonstrates that economic activity has destroyed 60%...»

Synopsis abstract : «Why our current economic model is unsustainable. A strained planet. Consumers at risk. One reason: The unplanned industrial revolution. Why eco efficiency alone is not the solution. What eco efficiency is. Less bad is not good. How C2C draws on...»

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Nation-state and globalization

Document abstract : «This essay deals with one of the most controversial questions in today's social science debates: the relationship between the nation-state and globalisation. Globalisation, understood quite loosely here as a series of contemporary and unprecedented...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Economic Globalisation and the Role of the State. The role of the nation state under the modern form of economic globalisation . Globalisation: Not an irreversible structural evolution. Structuralist argument concerned with recent...»

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Welfare and Ideology by Vic George and Paul Wilding

Document abstract : «Political debates are often driven by what we call ideology. Nowadays we refer to ideology as a set of values and beliefs which influence individuals, politics, groups or even societies as a whole. The "critique of existing socio-economic systems,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The Marxist point of view. Proposals centred on the creation of a socialist society. This universal provision of welfare. The feminist and environmental movements. Conclusion....»

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Describe and explain the varying significance of the Far Right in the French Fifth Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany and Italy

Document abstract : «April 21st, 2002, the first round of the French Presidential election, was a clap of thunder in the political landscape. Jean-Marie Le Pen, candidate of "National Front", the Far Right leading party, won a staggering 16.86 % of the votes,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The revival of the Far Right . The social context in advanced Western societies . The processes of modernisation and globalisation . Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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Critically discuss the legal theory of Austin

Document abstract : «"The existence of law is one thing, its merit or demerit is another." John Austin (1790-1859) defines the essence of positivism in this one sentence, generally cited as the standard exposition of the imperative theory of law, from his book: The...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Austin and the law . The main argument of Hart . The typology of Austin. Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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The Progressive Era, the New Deal, and the Great Society: a comparative study

Document abstract : «The Jeffersonian idea that liberty and equality would be best achieved by everyman pursuing his own interest and a federal government with greatly constrained powers is often seen as America's traditional political philosophy. During the 20th...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. New Dealers and advocates of the Great Society . Progressivism . The Great Depression . Conclusion. Works cited....»

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The structure of the social welfare - The welfare mix

Document abstract : «Over the past century, the provision of social welfare has changed drastically in both the recipients of this welfare care and the scale of social protection services. This evolution is mainly due to the development of welfare states. In the 1910s...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The analysis of the structure of the welfare system and the relation between the different sectors. The existence of the informal sector. The relation between the four sectors shows. Conclusion. References...»

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Treatment of time in Virginia Woolf's Work

Document abstract : «In her novel "Orlando: a Biography" published in 1927, Virginia Woolf evokes 'the extraordinary discrepancy between time on the clock and time in the mind' (Orlando p.91) and the opposition she expresses between this two conceptions of time is to be...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Definition of clock time. Usage of clock time in the novel 'To the lighthouse'. Analysis of what 'time in the mind' means. As inner time as a matter of interiority. Conclusion. Works cited....»

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Kenneth Waltz's on nuclear weapons

Document abstract : «Do you agree with Waltz's recommendation to spread nuclear weapons? On Sunday, April 9, 2006, the Washington Post announced that "the Bush administration is studying options for military strikes against Iran as part of a broader strategy of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Waltz's recommendation to spread nuclear weapons. Basis of Waltz's thesis . Effect of nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons and regional instability. Organizational approach and its challenges. Conclusio...»

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Western-style Democracy and non-Western religions - the case of Islam

Document abstract : «"Is Western-style democracy compatible with non-Western religions? Discuss primarily the question of the Islamic religion." Although the suggestion that certain religious traditions were more suitable for democracy came under increasing attack...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Compatibility of western style democracy with non-western religions. Religious traditions . Compatibility between the Islamic traditions and precepts and the western-style democracy . The dynamics of democratization in Muslim...»

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Comparing two advertisements: "Got milk?"

Document abstract : «The first advertisement that I have chosen was found in an issue of teen people magazine. This magazine is geared toward teenagers and young adults, around the age of 13-20. The advertisement itself depicts a famous young singer, Fefe Dobson,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The projected images by comparing and contrasting the 2 different advertisements and brand themselves. Advertisement 1: Issue of teen people magazine. Advertisement 2: Issue of ladies home journal. Comparison of both ads. The...»

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The Swedish model and the European integration

Document abstract : «Sweden officially joined the European Union on January 1st, 1995. Since that time Sweden is part of the European Union, but it is said to be one of the most Euro-sceptical members of the Union. What are the causes for this strong Swedish...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The consequences of Sweden's entrance in the European Union. Basic tenants of the swedish model. Swedish national identity and welfare state. Characteristics of the Swedish model. Complexity of the Swedish model. The swedish debate...»

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Influence of Jerusalem's religious symbolic in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Document abstract : «The author takes position against a Palestinian-controlled Old Jerusalem, where all the holy and historical sites of Judaism stand. He states that Jerusalem is « holier » to Jews than to Muslims (ignoring the Palestinian Christian minority) and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Analysis of 'Palestinian rights do not include the right to Jerusalem, by Elie Wiesel'. Analysis of visions of a new Jerusalem, by Michael Adams. Political analysis of the continuation of the Intifada . Reality Check: Israel's Identity...»

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