Articles, Assignments and College Term papers in Political Science, International Relations, Ecology and Environment

Japan since 1945-left Asia to join the West?

Document abstract : «In 1639, the rule of Tokugawa Iemitsu officially stated the edict of separation of Japan, establishing a long period of isolationism for the Nippon archipelago. During this period, every contact between Japan and the outside world was forbidden, and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. 1945: The American Occupation accelerates the idea of Japan 'leaving Asia to join the West'.. The political point of view.. The economic point of view.. The social point of view.. Japan decides to focus again on Asia 1970's.. The...»

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Feminist perspectives : The contribution of ann ticker to the revision of the concept of security

Document abstract : «As a searcher in international relations, Ann Tickner was firstly stroke by the law number of women working in the field. She then realised that not only were women excluded as researchers, but also as subjects of study. That was the first step of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Ann Tickner and realism.. Defining realism.. A security dilemma.. The critics toward realism.. Security after the end of the Cold War.. Questioning the study of security.. Emphasis put on 'structural violence'.. Putting the individual...»

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Regulations: Direct applicability and Direct effect

Document abstract : «Article 249 of the European Community Treaty provides that Regulations shall be directly applicable in all Member States. Does this mean that they are also necessarily directly effective? As notices Josephine Steiner , this question is of paramount...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The concept of regulation as stated in article 249 of the EC Treaty.. Article 249 of the European Community Treaty.. The characteristics of a regulation according to article 249.. The concept of direct applicability.. Definition of...»

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To what extent can we say Great Britain and the USA have a special relationship? What have the advantages and the disadvantages of the relationship been?

Document abstract : «Many signs in history show that the UK and the USA detain a privileged relation. As one of the first British colony to be liberated, the USA has always been related to Great Britain. These two countries share the same language, the same political...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. A special relationship in the diplomatic and military field.. The case of the nuclear cooperation: An illustration of a solid cooperation.. A special relationship between the elites and the politicians.. Churchill and...»

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The European North: Historical Geopolitics and International Institutional Dynamics

Document abstract : «A "brave political experiment" calling for "unconventional decisions" promoting sub-regional cooperation that ultimately might develop into "a common European social and economic space" : this is how the Russian Deputy Prime Minister, Viktor...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The European Union's Northern Dimension Initiative.. Concerns in the Nort European area.. The Environmental Partnership as an innovative venture.. The European Union's leading role in the environmental issues in the region.. The...»

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Discuss the role of classification, measurement and inscription in techniques of recruitment and selection

Document abstract : «Recruitment and selection in organizations have not always played a significant role. Indeed, some firms had no Human resources department twenty years ago. This fad for human resources management depends on many factors, either external ones or...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Recruitment and selection.. The use of classification, measurement and inscription.. Christopher Lewis view on the two words in the book Employee selection.. Personality measurement.. 'Explicit rules' to rate the...»

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Is the French concept of quality as the same at Japanese concept of quality? If it is not, how would you relate it to the differences between the Japanese and French cultures? If it is, why is quality a culturally universal concept?

Document abstract : «In this rapport, we will see if the French concept of quality is the same than the Japanese one. We will explain why they are or they are not the same. In the first part, we will define the concept of quality, in the second, we will analyse what is...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The concept of quality.. France.. Japan.. Comparison.. Conclusion.. Bibliography.....»

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The universal human rights concept has its roots in western political thought, so can we say that it applies to all human beings?

Document abstract : «Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Reporters Without Bordersthose are some of the many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) around the world based on the protection of human rights. Given they are international organisations, does it...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Human beings' want to claim their rights as a will to liberate themselves.. Magna Carta: A text preventing men from being punished without legal reasons.. Declaration of Human Rights and of Citizens. . It's universal character.. The...»

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The consecration of the patient's autonomy

Document abstract : «Pain, suffering and death are to some extent, inevitable in human life, though Health care must always seek to eliminate unnecessary suffering and untimely death. But it is easy to recognise that prolonging the process of dying us often undesirable....»

Synopsis abstract : «The consecration of the patient's autonomy.. Legal background.. The Competent patient and DNAR orders.. The involvement of 'the close to the patient'.. The incompetents and DNAR orders.. The children and the young persons.. The persisting...»

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Why did Clinton Health Security Act of 1993 failed despite the opportunity to reform?

Document abstract : «Reforming the US health care system was one of the top priorities of the presidential battle in 1992 and William Jefferson Clinton managed to appear as the most competent candidate to deliver a comprehensive plan to solve this problem. Since the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The Health Security Act (HSA) delivered by Clinton.. Why President Clinton's proposal was not legislated.. Rapidly rising costs which began to affect both public and private sectors.. Problems for the employers.. What placed health...»

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The clash of civilizations, by Samuel P. Huntington

Document abstract : «In 1996, Samuel Huntington published his book "The clash of civilization and the remaking of world order". That book being a follow-up to the article that Huntington had published a few years earlier in the journal "Foreign affairs". The journal...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. A brief study on Huntington's theory.. Criticisms against the ideas of Huntington and his book.. Conclusion.. Sources.....»

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If you lack money do you also lack freedom? Please explain your position with reference to the works of at least two of the following: Berlin, Taylor, and MacCallum

Document abstract : «"Whenever a separation is made between liberty and justice, neither, in my opinion, is safe." (Edmund Burke). Defining justice and how achieve a just society depends on the conception we have of the notion of liberty and equality. These two...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Meaning of liberty.. The negative definition of liberty.. Differences between positive and negative liberty.. The concept of negative liberty.. Criticism against the concept of positive liberty.. Limitations of distinction between...»

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Niccolo Machiavelli

Document abstract : «Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) is one of the most ambiguous political scientist of the history. Some used to qualify him as being immoral because of his promotion of force and deception to protect a State. However, according to the researchers that...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Machiavelli.. Early life.. Concern with study of political reality using history or interpretations.. The Prince: Advice for a good prince.. Princes must know the art of war.. A prince must 'commits himself'.. Choosing between being...»

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International Organisation: The UN system

Document abstract : «Is global governance a chimera in a world of states, or is there as Keohane suggests, limited global governance in a partially globalized world, or is global governance an effective form of western hegemony? Is global governance a chimera in a world...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Non-state actor.. The international organizations and other intergovernmental organizations.. Non Governmental Organisations.. Transnational companies.. The processes of globalization and Keohane.. 'Globalization depends on effective...»

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Multiculturalism in the UK or the end of a Utopia?

Document abstract : «Have you ever tried to fill in a job application form in the UK? If so, you may have been surprised, as a foreigner, to be asked the colour of your skin (white British, white West European, white East European, black, etc.). In France such a thing...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Birth of the concept of multiculturalism in the UK.. The historical settlement of multiculturalism.. The necessity to control the immigration.. Recent topical events that reinforce the doubts about the British policy of...»

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Descartes' version of the ontological argument in the light of Kant's criticism

Document abstract : «God has always been a subject of debate and it will probably always be so. One of the reasons leading to this perpetual debate is that people have never agreed on the concept of God. Some religions (e.g. Hinduism) believe that there are several Gods...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. What does ontological mean? . Descartes' Fifth Meditation.. Descartes' ontological argument.. Conclusion.. Bibliography.....»

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The revival of the small business sector in the UK

Document abstract : «According to data from Labour Market Trends in 1999, enterprises with fewer than 50 employees provide 45% of UK non-government employment and account for 38% of turnover, the employment figure includes the self-employed who employ no one and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The growth of the Federation of Small Businesses and its relative power of lobbying.. 1974 to 1991: The stagnant evolution of the NFSE.. The remarkable growth of the Federation of Small Businesses since 1991.. Recent 'political...»

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The European Commission

Document abstract : «If Jacques Delors, one of the most famous President of the European Commission (between 1985 and 1995), called the European Union as a UPO or Unidentified Political Object, it can be explained by the special characteristics of its architecture. The...»

Synopsis abstract : «The history of the Commission.. The model created by Monnet and Schuman.. The Treaties of Rome (1957).. The Commission of the European Communities.. The Commission: Guardian of the interests of the community.. The guardian of the treaties and...»

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The reasons behind decolonization

Document abstract : «Between the two world wars, colonialism reached its zenith. Geographically first: at this time, colonial empires were indeed established in every continent, notably in Africa where France and Britain had the lion's share. Economically speaking, the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The emergence of a new international order soon after the Second World War.. The shakiness of the colonial empires.. The role of the US and the USSR.. The role of international organisations.. The revolution of thoughts about...»

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The Committee of the Regions

Document abstract : «The construction of the European Union is, and has always been done by states. Since the Maastricht treaty however, sub national authorities have an official advisory body from which they can influence the making of the European policy: the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Representation of the Committee.. Political systems.. Critic against the Committee.. EU and the Committee of the regions.. European Commission and the Committee of the regions.. Committee of the regions actions and their...»

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Cultural relativism or universalism ? An essay in political ethics

Document abstract : «This is an essay on cultural relativism in the field of political ethics. Yesterday confined to anthropological studies, the idea infiltrated the domain of international morality after the Second World War. It developed from its original virtues of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Cultural relativism versus universalism: The human rights debate.. Cultural relativism and empirical considerations.. The moral justification underlying relativist claims.. Another conclusion to Walzer's argument.. The Asian...»

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Can any theory fully explain the process of European integration? If not, why not?

Document abstract : «European integration is a process which began with the birth of the European Coal and Steel Community the 18th of April 1952. This process was at first essentially economical, but the necessary structures needed for an economic integration led also...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The two leading approaches of European Integration: Neo-Functionalism and Inter-Governmentalism.. The Neo-Functionalist theory.. The Inter-Governmentalist theory.. Ability of the new theories to explain the process of European...»

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The employers' organisations in Britain: The case of the CBI

Document abstract : «I decided to speak about employers' organisations in Britain because of a personal and very simple interrogation: I was actually wondering what the equivalent of the French MEDEF in Britain was. At first sight, I discovered quickly that this...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The CBI, an employers' organisation which has to deal with British economic context.. A brief presentation of trade-unionism in Britain.. The CBI: history and functioning.. The contemporary situation: Issues and relations with the...»

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Management - Contingency theories of leadership

Document abstract : «Contingency theories of leadership were intended to resolve the problems of Trait and Behavioural theories. To what extent have they achieved? According to the dictionary, leadership is « the process whereby one person influences the thoughts and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. To what extent did Contingency theories of leadership resolve the problem of trait and behavioural theories? . Some of the main traits according to Stogdill.. Behavioural theories through 'a managerial grid'.. Situational and...»

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The European Union's Policy in African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries: Towards an Effective Democratisation?

Document abstract : «"Since 1992, the European Community has included in all its agreements with third countries a clause defining respect for human rights and democracy as 'essential elements' in the EU's relationship. This clause is unique in bilateral agreements....»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The EU and its ACP countries' policy: A long path towards democratisation.. A historical perspective: Towards the Yaounde Conventions.. From a trade relationship ( Lome I and II) to more democratisation (Lome III and IV).. Political...»

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Explain Marx's conception of communist society and assess critically in comparison and contrast with the social ideals of Rousseau

Document abstract : «"A spectre is haunting Europe - the spectre of Communism." This is the prophetic opening line of The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848, one of the major and most well-known work of Marx and Engels, dealing with their ideal of a communist...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Marx's vision of a communist society.. The necessity of a revolution.. The internationalism of communism.. The abolition of private property.. The abolition of division of labour.. The diverging opinions of Marx and Rousseau.. The...»

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Is Intercultural communication possible across the Baltic Sea Region?

Document abstract : «"The meaning behind intercultural communication is to try to bring different world views and meaning attributions closer to each others through and with the help of verbal and non-verbal interactions" . Here is a definition of intercultural...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The influence of cultural diversity on the intercultural communication across the BSR.. A first overview of national and trans-national cultural dimensions across the BSR.. Languages and intercultural communication across the...»

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Radicalization of the French Revolution, from 1789 to the end of 1794

Document abstract : «The French Revolution is often depicted as a process of growing violence, underpinned by more and more radical theories. Indeed, a Manichean view often leads people to believe that France was peaceful in the beginning of 1789, and turned violent and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Discussing the radicalization of the French Revolution.. La Prise de la Bastille by Jacques Godechot.. Violence in the French Revolution.. The rise in the price of bread.. Economic questions.. The conception of liberty and...»

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What are the main milestones in the emergence of the Palestinian problem and the Arab-Israeli conflict?

Document abstract : «In January 2006, the Islamic militant group Hamas won the Palestinian Parliamentary elections, with 42.2% of the votes. The election in Palestine of a group that remains committed to an armed struggle, the destruction of Israel and retaliatory...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The Jews idea of returning to the land of the Bible and their forefathers.. Discrimination of Jews in Europe.. Jewish settlement in Ottoman territory.. The Balfour declaration.. The interwar period.. The British capture of...»

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The 'true and fair view' in financial reporting

Document abstract : «Originally, one major concept was stressed in the United Kingdom: the 'true and fair view' in financial reporting. This concept was so popular that it even overrode the little regulation that existed then. In recent years, the increase in accounting...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The 'true and fair view' override in the United Kingdom.. 'True and fair view' versus regulation.. The "true and fair view": A myth.. Conclusion.....»

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