Articles, Assignments and College Term papers in Political Science, International Relations, Ecology and Environment

Risk Society thesis

Document abstract : «By offering a radical reorientation of mainstream sociology, modern social theory illuminates theoretical themes in environmental sociology. Indeed, it has recently begun to contest the honoured epistemological assumption of the environment as an...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Risk society thesis: Rethinking our modernity to act towards modernization. Facing issues that the society can not fix. Ulrich Beck's risk society theory. Questioning the role of science as a two-edged tool to cope with the...»

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Vatican Diplomacy

Document abstract : «The Pope, as a spiritual and temporal leader, wields a double sovereignty: over the City of the Vatican as Head of State, and over the Holy See (or Apostolic See) as Head of the Roman Catholic Church. This fundamental distinction, "perennialized" by...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. History and structure of the Holy See's diplomatic corps. The World's oldest diplomatic services. The diplomatic hierarchy. Representation in States. Representation in International and Regional Organizations. A very particular...»

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Was the Macmillan government's decision to apply for membership of the European Communities the product of Britain's declining global status?

Document abstract : «The fear that Britain would become, as Labour's post-war Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin put it "just another European country" , was one of the main reasons to explain the British refusal to join a European supranational organisation. The Attlee...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Why Britain rejected involvement in the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The Suez crisis of 1956. The narrow relationship with America. The breaking of the British Empire. The growing isolation of Britain. The decline of Commonwealth relations and...»

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Gender, sexuality and politics: masculinity

Document abstract : «"Somehow we need to be able to acknowledge the power that men have in society without thereby feeding a myth that all men feel powerful in their individual liveswe also have to recognize our inherited sense of superiority in relation to women"...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The link between the notion of power and the vision of masculinity . The distinction between sex. The analysis and the debate about the constructionist approach . The relationship between men and power . Foucault: The first to...»

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How were the 2006 labour protests seen in France and abroad?

Document abstract : «On 9 December 1905, a law was passed in France separating the church and the state. However, today in the United States of America, the President takes an oath on the Bible to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution against all enemies both...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. A very high youth unemployment rate. The connection with the 2005 civil unrests. France must stop its recurrent resistance to change. A necessity to reform. Demonstrations quite difficult to be taken seriously. France's old...»

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The French policy in sub-Saharan Africa since 1960

Document abstract : «The French policy in Africa is frequently deemed neo-colonialist. France would enduringly attempt to keep its former colonies within its sphere of influence for economic and political reasons. Cases in point are the lyrics of the song "Françafrique"...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Military assistance. Military assistance agreements. The political grip entailed. The scandal of the Rwandan genocide. The Ivorian failure: A turning point?. Economic and financial cooperation. Cooperation agreements and aid. The 'zone...»

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The Gender Gap: A Brief Overview of the Theoretical Perspectives On Gender-Related Cognitive Differences

Document abstract : «In the fields of mathematics, engineering, and science a gender gap exists. Men still hold the vast majority of professional careers rooted in math and science in industrial countries. In the United States, for example, men account for more than...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Arguments over innate intellectual discrepancy. What the numbers show: Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and Stanford Binet IQ Measurement. The findings of M. Collaer and M. Hines . The most striking difference found among college bound...»

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Warped Eroticism: A Case Study on a Sado-Masochism

Document abstract : «The film "La Pianiste" is not only a stunning work of art; it also brilliantly portrays the psychopathology of Erika Kohut, a repudiated piano professor at the Consevatoire de Vienne. By leading us into her private life and exploring her "abnormal"...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction: The film 'La Pianiste'. The existing psychoanalytic theory on sexual perversion . The character of Erika . The opening scene of the movie. Madame Kohut's rhetoric during Erika's early years . Erika's acceptance of being a subordinate...»

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Divided Against The Self :The ego-dystonic individual as illustrated in Stephen Frear's "Prick up Your Ears" An essay On Erotic Identity, Homosexuality and the Cinema

Document abstract : «Stephen Frear's Prick Up Your Ears (1987) is based upon the life of England's notorious playwright Joe Orton. The film focuses primarily on Joe's 16 year unconventional relationship with Kenneth Halliwell. This relationship shall be used in the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The film from a psychological standpoint. The hypothesis that a Christian ethic inevitably permeates the psyche of individuals . The Film as it Portrays Orton's Homosexuality. The narrative of Prick Up Your Ears . Kenneth and Joe's...»

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The Problematic Third Speech of the Phaedrus and Ficino's Neoplatonic Reinterpretation

Document abstract : «There has been much scholarly debate concerning the relative merit of the three speeches in Plato's Phaedrus; the third speech, in particular, is much contested. While the first two speeches are undeniably mired in self-contradiction and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The situating of the entire work in a numinous pastoral setting . Describing a focus on the transcendent. When intimacy is established . Love based purely on physical attraction or lust. A blatant sensualism. The description of how a...»

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Alatiel and Helen: War Caused by Beauty?

Document abstract : «Few storylines are more familiar than that of the woman so beautiful that men cannot resist her and will stop short of nothing, even murder or treachery, to possess her. The most famous of these women is of course, Helen, with "the face that...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The first evidence that Euripides' play is not going to follow the traditional account of Helen. Abrupt change in the story from its expected course. Euripides' Helen and the question of the relation of language to metaphor. The divine...»

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Transcending the Fallacy of the Binary Through Ambivalence

Document abstract : «A thought process that appears to be common to all humans is that of setting up binaries. It is a tendency that exists across cultures and since "the beginning of time." This may be because it is easier to define what something is not than what it...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Bauman claims: 'The gift of God was, so to speak, the knowledge of ambivalence and the skill of living in this knowledge'. Equating the flesh of humanity with sin. The Divine and the anti-Divine. The poetic language of the entire...»

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Scottish Masculinity: Football Fans

Document abstract : «"Before the Forty-five, 'every man was a soldier, who partook of national confidence, and interested himself in national honour. To lose this spirit, is to lose what no small advantage will compensate'" (qtd. in Herman 153). This comment from...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The Battle of Culloden: The last stand for the Jacobite rebels . The myth of the heroic Highlander: Disarmed and oppressed. This sense of loss and the resultant mythification of the Highlanders . The progress of both the fine and the...»

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The Enlightenment of Sir Gawain

Document abstract : «In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Sir Gawain is a model knight in all things material; he excels in his physical prowess as well as the arts of conversation and courtly love. Although he also exhibits outward signs of devotion and piety, his...»

Synopsis abstract : «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The Green Knight's appearance at the court of King Arthur. Gawain's spiritual education. The beheading of the Green Knight . Gawain's arrival at Sir Bertilak's castle. The use of the word 'gaze'. As in Shakespeare's...»

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Butterfly or Bumblebee?: The Sting of Satire in The Importance of Being Earnest

Document abstract : «Oscar Wilde said that his play, The Importance of Being Earnest, subtitled "A Serious Comedy for Trivial People" was "written by a butterfly for butterflies" (qtd. in Stokes 115). Although this statement may be true, the subject of the play itself,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The word 'earnest'. The main characters of the play belong. The lives of the characters . The actions of the characters in the play. Lane's comment regarding the sacred Victorian institution of marriage. Prism's confusion between a...»

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African Traditional Healing in Today's World

Document abstract : «With the advent of postmodern theory in the mid-to-late twentieth century, Western thought has come to realize the need for a more complete view of human knowledge and being, one that does not fall prey to the modernist Enlightenment fascination...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Western medicine and traditional healing. Traditional healing. Traditional healing and globalization. Conclusion. Bibliography....»

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Is the United Nations an effective organisation?

Document abstract : «The United Nations is not the first international organisation to be established to help settle conflict peacefully and to prevent future conflicts from arising. In 1899, the Hague Convention for the Settlement of International Disputes was...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Another way of looking at the effectiveness of the United Nations. The formation of the Security Council . Reasons why the United Nations seems to be losing legitimacy . United States apparent manipulation of the United Nations . Its...»

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The Role of Sexuality and Race in This Earth of Mankind

Document abstract : «"In the end the issue is always the same: European against Native, against me. Remember this well: It is Europe that swallows up Natives while torturing us sadisticallyEu-r-opeonly their skin is white. Their hearts are full of nothing but...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Europeans looking down on everything that is not European. Minke's uncritical acceptance of the Dutch system . Minke's final disillusionment with Dutch society . The Dutch in This Earth of Mankind and epitomizing colonial...»

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The Ways We "Other"

Document abstract : «Othering occurs every day; sometimes we become so accustomed to it that we cease to notice it or its effects. However, for something so common, othering is surprisingly difficult to define, but we know it when we see it. To me, othering means to...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Stuart Hall's exploration of the topic of discourse in his Modernity. The relation between the ways of othering . Pollution and stigma. Conclusion. Works cited....»

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Freud's Misinterpretation of Emotions

Document abstract : «In the early 20th century Freud asserted revolutionary ideas: he normalized sexuality, and he spoke openly about sexuality with women. Before Freud, women were not viewed as sexual beings; they were mothers, daughters, and wives, but most people...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Freud: Revolutionizing the way people viewed sex. Freud's misinterpret of the male motives and oversimplifying feminine characteristics and emotions. Ignoring the fact that Frau K. takes control of her life. Conclusion...»

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The "Terms" of Racial Inequality in the United States

Document abstract : «"To engage in a serious discussion of race in America, we must begin not with the problems of black people but with the flaws of American society-flaws rooted in historical inequalities and longstanding cultural stereotypes." (West, p. 6) In the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. A power structure with whites on top and all nonwhites below. Fanon's description of the settler community . Racism today. Conclusion. References....»

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The Horseman on the roof

Document abstract : «The English author, Jane Austen, once said, "In every power, of which taste is the foundation, excellence is pretty fairly divided between the sexes." Throughout history, certain roles have been assigned to men and women based on what society deems...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The setting for The Horseman on the Roof . Angelo's references to his mother in the movie. Pauline's dreams of finding her husband . Angelo showing initiative in escaping from the quarantine. Conclusion....»

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The Collapse of a Superpower

Document abstract : «After World War I, Communism reigned in Russia, which became known as the Soviet Union (USSR). As Karl Marx said, Communism would only be successful if it occurred as a worldwide revolution; thus by its nature, Communism needed to spread. ...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Looking at the economic situation in the USSR. The inability to live up to the dream of the Socialist utopia. The political and military blundering in Afghanistan. Gorbachev and the 'chicken-egg dilemma'. Relaxation of censorship in...»

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The Two Theban Tragedies: Antigone and Oedipus the King

Document abstract : «Greek tragedies all possess a common trait: the protagonist displays a tragic flaw, which ultimately leads to his or her downfall. In the two Theban tragedies, Antigone and Oedipus the King, Creon's tragic flaw is immoderation, while Oedipus'...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Recurrent themes in Greek mythology . Creon and the lack of a prescribed fate. Creon's refusal to take the advice of Teiresias. Conclsusion....»

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A Just Cause

Document abstract : «As Michael Walzer frequently states, "war is hell"; however, that has not stopped people from engaging in it for thousands of years. There are a variety of reasons nations have entered war, among them are: territorial expansion, the spread of...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Walzer's view on intervening in another nation's practices or problems. Walzer's exceptions to this general prohibition of intervention. Overriding the non-intervention principle and the case of humanitarian crises. His attempt to...»

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The Road to the Good Life?

Document abstract : «Today, when people use the word stoic, they often are not referring to the philosophical tradition, but to a type of person who does not show much outward emotion, someone who is strong in the face of tragedy or pain. However, in a culture in which...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The stoics believe that people should only concern themselves with things that are up to them. Seneca's leniency on the issue of relationships. A dangerous preoccupation with the self. Conclusion....»

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Cultural Transformations

Document abstract : «World War Two left Europe war torn and destitute. Over 30 million people had been "uprooted, transplanted, expelled, deported and dispersedin the years 1939-43" (Judt, Postwar, p. 23). Many cities were completely destroyed including Minsk,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The Holocaust and the jews in Europe. By-products of the war . World War Two: A key turning point for France. The Soviet Union and the loss of 30 million people. Stalin's claim on the territory that the Red Army had...»

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Constructing Sex

Document abstract : «The social construction of gender is evident in today's world: girls are given pink clothes, Barbies, and they are encouraged to express their emotions. Young boys on the other hand are told to play sports, and they are reprimanded when they cry or...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The article The Medical Construction of Gender. The theory of John Money and deciding the sex of an infant. Its supports a traditional view of sex and gender and the mainstream opinion. Conclusion....»

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Deconstructing Society's Rules

Document abstract : «Before children are even born, their gender is already being regulated. With the advent of technology, such as the sonogram, parents can learn the sex of their child before its birth. When it is time for the baby shower, if parents choose not to...»

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A New Set of Tools

Document abstract : «In Audre Lorde's article, "The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House", the title of the article frames her main argument. The motivation for this article was Lorde's experience at a humanities conference, at which she was one of two...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Examples of how the mainstream feminist movement is conforming to the standards of a racist patriarchy. Forty years after the decline of second wave feminism. The link between the ignorance of white feminists regarding minority women...»

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