Air transportation and climate change

Document abstract : «A sophisticated transport system has evolved in Europe to move people and frets. The air transport industry is growing at rate above the average growth of the economy of the EU: multiplication of short distance flies, the arrival of the "low cost"...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The impact of air transportation on climate change.. The solutions currently implemented.. The options for the next few years and assessment of current policies.. Conclusion.....»

The World Trade Organisation (WTO) and public contracts

Document abstract : «The World Trade Organization aims at ensuring "harmony, freedom, equity and security" in trading activities. The organization has the institutional means to control the compatibility of national policies to its requirements. From financial to...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. WTO regulation over domestic rules.. The legitimacy of this regulation.. The role of GATT.. Central government entities and local administrations.. The enforcement of the agreement.. The report of the panel.. The WTO...»

Former Soviet Republics of Central Asia and democracy

Document abstract : «Nowadays, Central Asia can be considered as the "Heartland", that is to say the center of geopolitical positioning, given the abundance of natural resources in the region. Indeed this area, particularly Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, benefits from oil...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. A region characterised by tightly-controlled states.. Monopolization of powers and cult of the personality.. Over-control on media and censorship.. A population under pressure.. Repression of the opposition movements.. Authoritarian...»

Burundi: Will the heart of Africa stay poor for ever?

Document abstract : «Burundi is a landlocked country with an equatorial climate on the east of Africa. The country is called "The heart of Africa" and it is located in a hilly and mountainous place, dropping to a plateau in the east. There are some plains but no...»

Synopsis abstract : «General introduction.. History of Burundi.. Before the colonization.. During the colonization.. Since the decolonization.. The current economic situation.. GDP.. GDP per capita.. Natural resources and sectors.. Exports and imports partners.. The...»

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) : PET-bottles

Document abstract : «A life cycle assessment is the investigation and valuation of the environmental impacts of a given product or service caused or necessitated by its existence. It is a variant of input-output analysis focusing on physical rather than monetary flows....»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Life cycle assessment.. Goal definition.. Inventory analysis.. Impact analysis.. Valuation.. References.....»

Sir William Beveridge - social insurance and allied services, 1942

Document abstract : «This text is the introduction of the Beveridge Report, called Social Insurance and Allied Services. This report was presented to the British Parliament in November 1942 and was published the on 1st of December 1942. He was commissioned by Arthur...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Great Britain during the World War Two : A reformist state of mind.. A necessary break with the past.. A vogue for social innovation which leads to the Beveridge Report.. The Beveridge Report: A plan 'from the cradle to the grave'.. A...»

EU decision-making

Document abstract : «France is administratively divided in "communes", the smallest territorial division of the country, usually corresponding to a city or a village. The number of communes in France, including overseas territories, is 36 782. This high number leads to...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The notion of power and voting power.. The Shapley-Shubik power index.. Decisions at the Council of the CAB.. The advantages of Shapley-Shubik power distribution.. Conclusion.. References.....»

Surasia's Ministry of Internal Affairs (Headquarters)

Document abstract : «This paper will analyse the Suraisia government Ministry of Internal Affairs attempt to introduce an innovative culture to the Ministry of internal affairs HQ (MIQ) through the creation of "SSS" and "3i" initiatives. This analysis will take into...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Outline of change.. Drivers of change.. Nature of change.. Stakeholders involved.. Approach taken.. Consequences of change.. Theoretical analyses.. Lewin's planned approach.. Dawson's emergent approach.. Dunphy & Stace's changing...»

What is meant by the French party system, and what has produced its changing form in the period since 1958?

Document abstract : «The French party system emerged in the form of parliamentary factions in the Third Republic. Soon enough, these factions were no longer only evident at the parliamentary level, but were organising the nation. From 1958, there is a considerable...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The term ?French party system'.. The political parties of the Third Republic.. The Fourth Republic.. The Fifth Republic.. The revised constitution of the Fifth Republic.. The institutions as settled by the constitution.. The...»

Elites in the United States

Document abstract : «One of the arguments that have been laid down to explain the defeat of John F. Kerry on the US-Presidential elections in 2004 was his elitist side. Being a White Anglo-Saxon from the North-East, Kerry really corresponded to the image of a politician...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The very notion of a 'power elite'.. The first author that first pointed out the existence of clear and distinct power elite.. The defining factor of the power elite of the 1950s.. The erosion of public authority.. The opacity and...»

To what extent has Europe benefited from a "peace dividend" through the European Union and its budget?

Document abstract : «The notion of "peace dividend" was forged in the 1980s to convey an idea that had already been analysed before: the link between security/peace, and economic growth. Without going into further details, one may wonder if this economic theory can be...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Analyzing the concept of 'peace dividend'.. The European construction.. The existence of a peace dividend stricto sensu, in the aftermath of World War II.. The EEC budget.. A significant part of structural...»

Is social capital a useful tool for explaining the politics of public health in the twentieth century city?

Document abstract : «The development of "politics of public health" is historically dated. As Foucault noted, it appeared with the broader emergence of the idea of "population" which provides, in the modern era, the conceptual framework of health policies. The existence...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. What is social capital?. The interest of bonding social capital.. Critiques of social capital.. Conclusion.. Bibliography.....»

Institutional Failures of the Global Environmental Governance

Document abstract : «Despite a great awareness of environmental questions from developed and developing countries, there is a degradation of environmental issues and an appearance of new environmental problems. This aggravation of environmental matters is due to the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Abstract.. Introduction.. Necessity of global environmental governance.. The environment: A global common.. Rapid environmental awareness: Stockholm to Rio.. Environmental governance within the United Nations.. The UNEP: A mission beyond its...»

Energy policy

Document abstract : «While Malthus was already painting a negative picture of the worldwide situation in 1798, he was also drawing up his famous prediction that population would outrun food supply, leading to a decrease in food per person. Indeed, there is a mathematic...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Implementing birth control within developing countries.. The energy issue: The developing countries' burden.. The worldwide stake: The demographic pressure on energy prospects.. Mathematically sound: The energy consumption per...»

Critically assess available explanations of the rise of the National Front, and assess and explain its impact on French politics

Document abstract : «The National Front was founded in 1972 by Jean-Marie Le Pen and since the 1980s has managed to enter French political life. The European elections of 1984 saw the National Front gain 11% of votes, and in the parliamentary elections of 1986 and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Assessing the available explanations of the rise of the National Front.. The purely political factors.. Social and economic factors.. The cultural context in which this rise is taking place.. Looking at the local, national, and...»

Community festivals and events - Their role in raising awareness, generating pride and fostering a sense of belonging within socially isolated areas

Document abstract : «Phillip Kotler's traditional definition of a product (1997) includes anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a demand. This large definition embraces goods, services, retail stores, persons, ideas and also places. Place marketing...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The development of community events.. The role of community events in enhancing civic pride.. Community festivals foster a sense of belonging.. The effectiveness of community festivals in raising awareness.. Sustaining the impacts of...»

The historical specificity and contemporary relevance of the concept of race

Document abstract : «According to Rousseau, there are 'two sorts of inequality': one is 'natural or physical'; the other is between social groups. In order to understand an historical specificity of the concept of race, we will study how the second type of inequality...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The pre-enlightenment period.. The beginning of the nineteenth century.. The definition of race in post-enlightenment society.. The process of building nationhood.. Supporting political democracy and individual rights.. Reconciling...»

What are the most important features of contemporary Irish political culture? Has this political culture really change significantly since 1960? If so, why has this not had a greater impact on the political party system?

Document abstract : «Irish political culture is often seen as a peculiar one compared to western European countries. The political culture might be considered as a psychological part of political system: the set of values and attitudes of a political community....»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The more important features of Irish political culture. . Industrialization and urbanization.. The main factor that caused the changes in political culture.. Conclusion.. Sources.....»

Republic of China in Taiwan

Document abstract : «Small country of North-East Asia, Taiwan has experienced numerous developments throughout its history, founding over the centuries its own political identity, from the beginnings as a Ch'ing prefecture and province, to the half-century of Japanese...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The arrival of the Kuomintang (KMT).. Domestic Policies in the early 1950's.. Economic performances.. Taiwanese-Mainlander relations.. Conclusion.. Bibliography.....»

The impact of television advertisement on children

Document abstract : «The average child is exposed to more than 40,000 television commercials a year. My focus is devoted primarily to the examination of television advertising for three reasons. Firstly, marketers who seek children for commercial purposes rely primarily...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The increasing commercialization of childhood.. The changes in media environment.. New ways of communicating for marketers.. The growth of internet.. New contexts to target children.. Children's comprehension of television...»

The Gender Gap in voting behaviours

Document abstract : «European women first acquired the right to vote in 1906 in Finland. After the First World War, women were given the right to vote in a certain number of European countries. In the UK, it was gained in two stages: first in 1918, it was initially...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The three phases gender-gap trend.. The traditional gender gap and the dealignment.. The realignment process and its paradox: The modern gender gap.. A British/French approach of the phenomenon.. The Great Britain case and the...»

Why has the Franco German partnership played such a pivotal role throughout the development of the European Community

Document abstract : «After the end of the World War Two, France and Germany experienced hostile relations. Indeed, from 1945 to 1950, the two countries were both traumatized by the souvenir of their mutual occupation. On the French side, the Nazi's occupation had...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Why the 'Franco-German tandem' has been so prevailing in the European community building. . The pivotal role occupied by the Franco-German partnership.. The federal republic's side.. The treaty of Rome.. Aim of the development of the...»

"The national influence on the European integration"

Document abstract : «EU is regulated by a supranational institutional system, which still takes into account the national sensitiveness. Nevertheless, there is not a traditional strong supranational authority. Indeed, there is neither army nor police, and the decision...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The historical weight of the old Europe and the questioning of the new comers.. The German policy.. The French policy.. The eastern enlargement: An accelerator or a break for EU?. The potential limits of European...»

"What accounts for the success of Silvio Berlusconi in Italian politics since the political crisis of the early 1990's?"

Document abstract : «As the most dominant Italian politician of his time, Silvio Berlusconi has introduced important innovations in many fields of Italian politics: new ideological approaches, new coalition strategies, new campaign methods and a new leadership style and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. What accounts for the success of Silvio Berlusconi in Italian politics since the political crisis of the early 1990s?. Collapse of the First Republic.. Appealing campaign themes.. Patrimonial organisation with a special leader with a...»

"Why has the common foreign and security policy been so much more difficult to organise than economic cooperation?"

Document abstract : «One of the most important discussions in the modern-day European Union concerns the lack of effectiveness of common foreign and security policy. As the Union moves towards integration, creating such a policy has become one of its most pressing...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Definitions of the main concepts.. What does 'common foreign and security policy' mean? . What does 'economic cooperation' mean?. Comparative political analysis.. Have foreign, security policy and economic cooperation policy been a...»

How does Fox News cover Africa?

Document abstract : «Fox News is the top rated channel in the United States (U.S.) but it is also broadcasted internationally in 40 countries. It can stand for an American point of view about news but also for a more global one. Fox News has an obvious impact on...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. What type of media is Fox News.. Lack of correspondents in Africa.. Sources of news.. Analyzing the articles released on Fox News website.. Conclusion.. Sources.....»

Europeanization of politics and society: Domestic change and the question of a European Social Model

Document abstract : «Europeanization is an elusive concept because of the variety of meanings it refers to. Scholars such as Featherstone (2003, 6-12) often distinguish several usages according to various outcomes of European change, for instance the emergence of new...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The problem of defining Europeanization.. The mechanisms of Europeanization and the 'goodness of fit'.. A dynamic and competing 'two ways process'.. The divergences of Europeanization.. Concl...»