Term papers and essays in Social Studies, literature, Social Sciences and Business Strategy

The relevance of attribution theory to educational psychology

Document abstract : «Attribution theory refers to the "causal explanations that individuals infer for their own behavior, and that of others, in an attempt to interpret their social world" (Burgner and Hewstone, 1993. p.125). As Eslea (1999) notes, "attributional styles...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Weiner's (1979) theory of achievement attribution. The importance of controllability as a critical determinant of the expectancy of success. The effect of antecedent and program-specific attribution training in combination with...»

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Aggressiveness and violence in humans and its relation to the upbringing

Document abstract : «Aggression is a common behavior in humans. It is not necessary to regard aggressiveness in a person as a bad quality for it has been found to be necessary in animals and is a part of nature. The more aggressive animal in a species is generally more...»

Synopsis abstract : «Abstract. Statement of study. Introduction. Defining aggressiveness. Purpose of the study. Importance of the study. Rationale of the study. Literature review. The Nurture theory. Frustration: Aggression hypothesis. Social learning theory...»

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Can we predict which infants will grow up to offend?

Document abstract : «Positivist criminology's vision was to become so advanced that criminologists could differentiate a criminal before they committed crime. Positivism emerged in the late 19th century and endeavored to utilize scientific methodology to explain crime...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Control theory . Involvement in crime. Family as the most important source of social control. Nye's concept of social control . Internal (personal) beliefs, commitment attitudes and perceptions. Discussion on `bonds' of social...»

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How temperament has been defined and studied by developmental psychologists

Document abstract : «Development is a multi-faceted process concerned with the pattern of normal development as well as individual differences in development. There are various inborn qualities that distinguish infants from each other, one of which is temperament. This...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Examining the diverse methods used by different theoretical approaches to measure temperament.. Thomas and Chess' longitudinal studies on temperament.. Buss and Plomins research.. The New York longitudinal study.. The concept that...»

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Does intelligence have a stronger genetic or environmental basis?

Document abstract : «In light of the pioneering nature of behavioral genetics and in terms of explanatory power and predictive ability, highlighting constructive directions for future research, the aim of the current essay is to examine a wealth of evidence within the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Understanding the empirical findings of research pointing to a genetic or environmental basis of intelligence . Twin and Adoption studies and predictions to be made regarding the environmental contributions in acquired...»

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Fundamental attribution error in explaining people's behavior: Overestimating the power of personality traits and underestimating the power of social influence

Document abstract : «Stanley Milgram (1963) demonstrated that the majority of the subjects in his studies on obedience (65 per cent) 'average, decent American citizens' (Milgram, 1963. p.5 ) who had volunteered for a Yale University experiment on learning would...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Milgram's experiments . The first situational variable Milgram manipulated. Manipulating the physical proximity of the experimenter to the subject. The manipulation of 'group effects'. The presence of another subject who delivered the...»

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A critical analysis of William James's statement on attention

Document abstract : «In this essay we will critically analyze the famous philosopher, William James' views on attention. James appears to be right when he describes anyone in this condition is not paying attention. When describing attention as the mind's taking...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. The main approaches in the study of attention.. Early selection.. The two stage model of the attenuation theory.. Discussing the various theories to evaluate James's statement.. Implications of the definition of attention by...»

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Freud and Le Bon's perspectives on the psychology of crowds

Document abstract : «Le Bon was of the opinion that when people joined large, relatively unstructured social groups, they sometimes engaged in spontaneous and atypical collective behavior. Le Bon suggests that crowds are ruled by a collective mind, and that contagion...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Le Bon: The author of The Crowd . Merging into the collective state. The perceived 'loss of self' . Freud: Theory on crowds initiated from Le Bon's. Emphasis on the role of the leader. Criticism of the theories of Le Bon and Freud . Le...»

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A paper concerning culture: Applying the ideas of Gerog Simmel to football supporters in the United Kingdom

Document abstract : «Georg Simmel became one of the first sociologists to attempt to analyze 'street life' during the late part of the nineteenth century and early part of the twentieth century. Amongst his papers, he wrote 'The Metropolis and Mental Life' in which he...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Common culture and peoples struggle to communicate. . People demonizing others outside of their own boundaries.. The nature of today's society and the idea of being a full time football hooligan.. Simmel's primal...»

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An analysis concerning stereotyping people in connection with their dialect

Document abstract : «Language is primarily considered to perform two major functions in society. It is designed to convey information to those around us as well as establish and maintain relationships. However, linguistically (albeit from social stereotypes) certain...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. 'Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis'. Role of phonetic factors in highlighting ones social background. Linguistic inequality - a consequence of social inequality . Experiments highlighting dialect prejudice in every sector of society. Social...»

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The inner-city problem is one of both growth and decline

Document abstract : «The city is undeniably the centre of much of our social action. It is the arena in which most of our economic, political and commercial activity tends to occur, and it has become the most popular place to socialise, and to experience the cultural...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The process of industrialization . Prominent features of industrialization. The theories of industrialization and modernity . Recognising that growth has indeed brought about inner city problems. The primary cause of inner city...»

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Why do many British families of South Asian background prefer arranged marriages?

Document abstract : «The tradition of Arranged Marriages was practiced by kinship groups in the South Asian sub-continent centuries before migration to Britain took place during the 1950's. Initially, migrants came to Britain to earn wages (Shaw; 2000;13), However, the...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Observing Sikh families in Punjab. The relationship between affinal links and household economics . The arrangement of marriage . Arranged marriages amongst Gujarati Prajapratis: Clan exogamous and caste endogamous. The preference for...»

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Theory of consumer choice

Document abstract : «The concept of 'utility' was introduced to social thoughts by Bentham in 1789 and to economic thoughts by Jevons in 1871. The neo-classical economists devised the following system to measure the utility of a commodity. A neo-classical economist,...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Total and marginal utility. The law of diminishing marginal utility. Consumer's equilibrium: cardinal utility approach. Law of Equi-marginal utility. Ordinal utility. Indifference curve. Budgetary constraint. Consumer's equilibrium:...»

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Foreign direct investment: India

Document abstract : «Developing countries, emerging economies and countries in transition increasingly see foreign direct investment (FDI) as a source of economic development, modernization and employment generation, and have liberalized their FDI regimes to attract...»

Synopsis abstract : «Abstract . Introduction. What is FDI?. Types Of FDI. Impact of FDI. Myths about the benefit of FDI. Impact of FDI in Asia. FDI in India. Investment in Indian market. Potential of Indian market. Foreign controlled firm in India. Major Initiatives to...»

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The duality of Holocaust literature

Document abstract : «Other than the odd revisionist, the vast majority of sentient humans will attest to the horror that was the Holocaust. Unfortunately, those who can give first hand testimonies are few in number and quickly disappearing. The story gets even more...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction.. Analysis of Boris as a character.. Dual representations of characters.. The self-awareness of the use of mirroring.. Motifs that proliferate in doubles.. The double story in Blood from the Sky.. Conclusion.. Works cited.....»

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An evaluation of the contribution made by feminist and post-structuralist perspectives to the view of gender as socially constructed

Document abstract : «A number of fundamental changes have occurred this century in relation to what it means to be male or female. They emphasize the notion that femininity and masculinity are not necessarily innate categorise which pre-exist in each person and focus...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Biological classifications of sex: Inaccuracy and ambiguity in defining sex. Linguistic structuralism. Jacques Derrida: Questioning the nature of language . Barbara Johnson's concise writings and ideas of the connection between gender...»

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Is there a significant difference in child-raising practices between married couples and single mothers?

Document abstract : «In 1990, American academic Charles Murray came to England, at the invitation of The Sunday Times, to observe and discover whether the underclass phenomenon he had identified in the United States had spread to the UK. His findings were first...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Literature review . Theoretical framework . Research design . Methodology . Data collection . Data analysis . Ethical issues . Limitations . Conclusion. Bibliogrpahy. ....»

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An evaluation of the claim that we live in a 'risk society' as well as a ‘regulatory state’

Document abstract : «The aim of this paper is to assess why it is argued that we live in a 'risk society' as well as a 'regulatory state'. By the end of this paper it should be clear that we do indeed live in a 'risk society' and a 'regulatory state' despite what others...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Are we living in a risky society?. The major proponent of ?the risk society' . Clasifying the four dangers into 4 main groups. Other prominent features of the risky society. Risks associated with genetically modified organisms...»

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The role of the state in contemporary liberal democracies

Document abstract : «The role of the state within contemporary liberal democracies is an issue that perhaps more than any other has attracted the attentions of the social and political sciences. The concept itself is not accorded universal acceptance and there are a...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The term 'government'. Pluralist theories of the state. Paying particular attention to the inputs from citizens . Conventional pluralism . The concept of neo pluralism . Marxist explanations of the state. The enduring conflict between...»

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The role played by the human resources department: Its contribution to bringing success in the retail supermarkets in UK with reference to Tesco

Document abstract : «During the past few decades, the world has observed an unparalleled growth of business into universal markets. To compete with changing trends in the market businesses are becoming more system oriented. In UK the retail landscape has changed over...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction . Background information. Aim and objectives. Research questions. Literature review. Introduction. The role of HR. HR and the organisations' performance. Contemporary and future HR role. Soft and hard models of...»

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Is Taylorism an outmoded form of technical control?

Document abstract : «This discussion will attempt to address whether or not Taylorism can be considered an outmoded form of technical control. I will give a brief introduction to Taylorism, its objectives and methods, together with examples of it in action both today...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Why Taylorism had such a large influence on job design . The fact that Taylor sought to influence cultural aspects . Industries which could never embrace scientific management. Conclusion. Bibliogra...»

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An analysis of the claim that the social welfare response to HIV/AIDS was, and remains, fundamentally inadequate

Document abstract : «The first official case of AIDS in Britain was recorded in 1983 but nurses said they were caring for unofficial cases before [Ferlie and Pettigrew 1990:195]. Similar to America early reports were confined to the homosexual population. When looking...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. British AIDS cases in 1985: Cross over into heterosexuals. 1986: Sharp break in the pattern of AIDS policy. Budget to cover large costs in the NHS for financing AIDS patients. Public education campaigns . Day and Klien: Reflection of...»

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An evaluation of the strengths and limitations of a rational and strategic approach to organizational change

Document abstract : «Following the brief introduction of a model-ideal conceptualization of Organizational Goal-Directed-Activity, and the definition within the perspective defined by this model of such terms like 'rational (organizational) action system', 'strategy',...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Model-Ideal conceptualization of organizational goal-directed-activity. Approaches to strategy and organizational change. Classical strategy and planned organizational change. A Critical Theoretical (CT) perspective on strategy and...»

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How does education determine people's life chances?

Document abstract : «In order to answer the question, "How does education determine people's life chances?" I am going to look at education in the sense of learning opportunities provided by the state and concentrate on issues of social class, race and gender. Life...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The discussion on education and equality. Addressing the problem of social inequality in education. The introduction of selection at the age of eleven . The tripartite system . The process of streaming children and reinforcing class...»

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Wining and losing as a result of economic restructuring in Britain since 1980

Document abstract : «During the past thirty years, British society has been involved in a dynamic of social change, a process so significant that it represents an historical turning point, when the certainties that have served to regulate the economy in the past, are no...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The end of the Second World War. The two decades which followed the end of the war. The growth of 'flexibilization' within the British economy. The economic effects of the change from Fordism to functional specialization . The...»

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Analyzing the links between disability and child abuse and evaluating the role of Social Services with regards to Disabled Child Protection

Document abstract : «The protection of children is today a high profile issue, within both the voluntary and statutory sectors, although the abuse of disabled children is a matter that has only recently attracted professional interest. Whilst many people find it...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. The social construction of disability. Social work and disabled people. The myths of disability and child abuse. Social work and the child protection system. The abuse of disabled children. The implications for social...»

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Understanding the effects of Asperger's syndrome on the parents

Document abstract : «The diagnosis of Asperger's Syndrome is often indistinguishable, using current standards, from high-functioning autism. Despite this, techniques tailored to individual cases appear show the most promise. Recent studies are too small in scale and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Abstract. Introduction. Cluster of symptoms. Description and emerging concepts. Reaching Asperger's. Recommendations. Conclusion. References....»

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The National pastime

Document abstract : «Under the clouds and the summer sun the excitement in no way fails, the craze never stops and the fun on no account ends. The National Pastime's roots can be traced as early as the 18th century, the sensation still continues and marks its own way to...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Social class and the variances in sports activities. Sports tend to reflect society. Popov and Hayashi's actions. Conclusion. Works cited....»

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The role organizational culture plays in shaping the strategy of an organization: A look at the leader South West Airlines and Hewlett Packard

Document abstract : «To analyze and answer the above question, the author of the assignment has divided the assignment into different sections. The first section will deal with the important role that a culture of an organization plays during strategy planning and...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Organization culture. A look Hewlett Packard Company. South West Airlines Company. Culture at both the organizations in context. Conclusion . References....»

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Reflections of race and American culture in the 'Tom' show

Document abstract : «In Martin Scorsese's 2002 film Gangs of New York, the two main characters-Amsterdam Vallon (played by Leonardo DiCaprio) and Bill "the Butcher" Cutting (played by Daniel Day-Lewis)- attend a 'Tom' show (a stage adaptation of Uncle Tom's Cabin) in...»

Synopsis abstract : «Introduction. Minstrelsy, political theatre and the ?Tom' show. The Antebellum ?Tom' show: Adaptation and parody. Uncle Tom after the war. Concluding remarks. Illustrations. Works consulted....»

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