The failure of the Arusha Process in the Rwandese Crisis

Type :

Presentation

Pages :

11 pages

Format :

.doc

Published date :

01/16/2009

Category :

History & geography

Sub category :

Modern history

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Summary :

Introduction.
The negotiation phase: A commended process, but an imbalanced final text.
1. The design of the negotiation process in itself was very good.
2. The participants.
3. The choice of an inclusive peace process.
4. A comprehensive strategy.
5. The final text.
6. The transitional institutions.
7. The new national army.
8. Explanation of the imbalanced accords.
The failure of the implementation of the accords: A multi-level responsibility.
1. The unamir, key issue of the implementation of the accords.
2. A minimalist design.
3. The unamir was not continuously adapted to the evolution of the situation.
The strengthening of the hutu extremists directly caused the failure of the arusha process.
1. By developing their influence, the hutu extremists directly impeded the implementation of the arusha accords.
2. The settlement of a climate of violence.
3. The diplomatic failure.
4. The weakness of the unamir greatly facilitated the extremists' work.
Conclusion.

Abstract

The 1994 rwandese genocide happened in the following of a civil war which had begun more than three years earlier. In October 1990, the rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF), which gathered the rwandese who were refugees in south Uganda (mostly since the decolonization period at the end of the 1960s), launched an attack against the north of Rwanda in order to obtain the right to return to this country and the share of the political power. From then on, regional actors involved in discussion between the RPF and the government of Rwanda (GoR), and in monitoring the successive cease-fires. But as no sustainable solutions were found in this way, the international community intervened and, in June 1992, the United States and France brought the two parties in a long negotiation process: The arusha process. After more than one year of discussion, these peace negotiations ended with the signature of agreements by both parties on the 4th August 1993. These one are considered as "a virtual textbook case of modern conflict management". However, its aim of a long-term resolution of the conflict was obviously not reached, since the genocide took place eight months after its signature.