The Mesopotamian civilization
Summary :
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Early settlements and origin of cities
- The Sumerians, Babylonians, Kassites and the Assyrians and Chaldeans
- Mesopotamian society
- Code of hammurabi
- Mesopotamian religion
- Early sumerian religion
- Astronomy
- Philosophy
- Writing and education
- Script
- Literature & learning
- Medicine
- Science and technology
- Agriculture
- Crafts
- Mathematics
- Urban planning and architecture
- Houses, places and ziggurats
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
Abstract
Mesopotamia or Bilad Al-Rafidayn, the Arabic terminology for "land between the rivers" is widely considered as the "cradle of civilization" on account of the flourishing urban communities that thrived in this land much before the rest of the world was inhabited.In a narrow sense, Mesopotamia refers to the flat alluvial land that lies between the Tigris and the Euphrates, bound by the Zagros Mountains in the North and the Arabian deserts in the South. However, these two rivers have changed their course several times in the past twelve thousand years and as such, what constituted ancient Mesopotamia now includes territories much beyond the present riverbanks, and incorporates the lands comprising of modern day Iraq, some parts of northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and the Khuzestan Province of southwestern Iran.The Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and the Assyrian empires dominated much of Bronze Age mesopotamian civilization whereas the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Neo-Babylonian Empire dominated Mesopotamia during the Iron Age. The Iranian Achaemenid conquest ended the ancient mesopotamian civilization, and Mesopotamia remained under Persian rule until the Islamic conquest of the 7th Century.
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