The Relationship of Being and Perception in Enlightenment Philosophy
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Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Berkeley's metaphysical idealism
- Descartes' establishment of the essence of material things
- The philosophical adventures of Descartes and Berkeley
- Berkeley's empiricist epistemology
- Berkeley's criticism of rationalism's abstract tendency
- The idealisms of Leibniz and Berkeley
- Conclusion
Abstract
The philosophical efforts of the enlightenment thinkers were based on the relationship between metaphysics and epistemology. Descartes, Leibniz and Berkeley progress in their understandings of being by refining the means by which they are able to make justified claims to knowledge. In a conversation framed around Berkeley's "to be is to be perceived," one could phrase the Cartesian rational dualism as 'to be is to apperceive,' and the Leibnizian rational idealism as 'to be is to perceive.' These three formulations typify each philosopher's combination of metaphysics and epistemology while demonstrating how each wrote in response to the connected historical discourse in which they participated. The rationalist epistemology employed by Descartes and Leibniz gives way to the empiricism of Berkeley in his attempt to ground abstract epistemological claims in actual experience.
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