Venomous Lizards

Type :

Presentation

Pages :

2 pages

Format :

.doc

Published date :

11/26/2007

Category :

Science & technology

Sub category :

Biology

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Summary :

Anatomy
Venom
Clinical presentation
Management
1. Prehospital care
2. Hospital care
Morbidity and mortality
References

Abstract

The two venomous lizards of the world are impressive creatures about which much misinformation has been spread for centuries. They have been thought to possess supernatural features such as poisonous breath, a stinging tail and the ability to spit their venom. The Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) reaches a maximum length of approximately 50 cm, whereas the beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) is larger, reaching almost a meter. They are both heavily built and possess massive muscles of mastication with powerful biting capacity. The venom delivery apparatus consists of a pair of anterior, multilobed, interior labial glands that open through a series of ducts into the labial mucosa. Their teeth are lancet shaped, grooved, and loosely attached to the jaws. When the reptile becomes agitated, it salivates heavily, producing a flow of venom into the labial mucosa. It bites with a powerful, chewing motion, instilling venom into the wounds by capillary action along the grooves of the teeth. Teeth may be left in the wounds, especially if the lizard must be forcefully removed from the victim. The tenacious creature may still be attached when help arrives. Effective envenomation occurs in only about 70% of bites.